THE SCALE INSECT GENUS ASTEROLECANIUM 85 



Study of the type material of oncidii and greeni shows that they 

 also are synonyms of epidendri. In April 1893 (16, p. 2o>5) Cockerell 

 listed oncidii as Planchonia oncidii, n. sp., and in another publication, 

 also published in April 1893 (17, p. 78), he described the species and 

 suggested that Lecanium epidendri Bouche might be the same. In 

 discussing oncidii in 1896 (19, p. 8) he wrote: "It is probable that the 

 ''Lecanium' 1 epidendri of Bouche is identified with this, but Bouche's 

 description is very short. If the identity be assumed, epidendri has 

 long priority." Thus, in 1893 and 1896 * he indicated the possibility 

 of the synonymy which Fernald listed in 1903 (32, p. SO). Lindinger 

 was in error in accepting oncidii as a valid species in 1936 (64, pp. 153- 

 164). A. greeni, described by Marchal in 1904 (67, pp. 455-457), 

 was placed as a synonym of aureum by Green in 1909 (42, p. 320). 



Habit. — Living on leaves, stems, and seeds 



Test of female. — Slightly longer than wide or nearly circular, posterior end 

 produced ; 1-1.6 mm. long, 0.8-1.5 wide ; nearly flat to slightly convex dorsally, 

 often with a faint longitudinal median carina and a curved submarginal carina 

 meeting a transverse carina near anterior end, the median carina crossing the 

 latter and extending to margin, but the submarginal terminating at the trans- 

 verse carina, all carinae often obscure ; flat ventrally ; greenish, pale or clear 

 bright yellow, transparent, thin, punctate, shining; marginal and dorsal fila- 

 ments pale golden to bright salmon, the dorsal filaments arranged in about 6-11 

 groups along median line, in about 14 groups in submedian and submarginal 

 areas, and in a single submarginal row, usually slightly shorter than marginal 

 filaments ; circular larval exit in ventral surface at margin. 



Adult female. — Shape similar to that of test, 0.9-1.5 mm. long, 0.7-1.4 wide. 



Margin : 8-shaped pores in a single row terminating around twice a pore's 

 length from bases of apical setae, posterior pores 10 n long and 6 wide, the 

 others 12 /jl long and 8 wide, usually around a pore's width apart; quinquelocular 

 pores in a single row terminating at the posterior pair of 8-shaped pores or just 

 beyond, usually one and one-half to two times as numerous as corresponding 

 8-shaped pores ; disk pores dorsad of 8-shaped pores and much less numerous 

 than those, terminating at the penultimate or posterior pair of 8-shaped pores, 

 spaced irregularly. 



Dorsal surface: 8-shaped pores arranged in 6-11 median groups, 12-14 sub- 

 median groups, and 2 lateral groups (totals for entire body), also normally 

 24-26 individual pores in submarginal area ; pores along median line usually 

 arranged in definitely transverse groups, but the anterior ones occasionally 

 scattered, submedian groups circular, oval, or transverse, submarginal pores in a 

 single row, lateral group sometimes apparently part of the second submedian 

 group: all pores usually 10-12 /x long and 7-8 wide, but there is an occasional 

 larger pore measuring 16 fi long and 10 wide ; minute 8-shaped pores numerous ; 

 disk pores rather sparse ; tubular ducts 27 fi long. 



Ventral surface: Antenna conical, sunken in derm, with 2 setae longer than 

 diameter of antenna; beak without setae, but sometimes with 2 or 4 clear 

 areas suggesting setal bases; spiracle with bar broad, usually subcircular, with 

 wrinkles passing from bar around opening, and 8-17 quinquelocular pores ex- 

 tending from spiracle to body margin in an irregularly single or double row; 

 multilocular pores totaling 49-80 and with 8-11 loculi, arranged in 5 complete 

 and 4 or 5 interrupted rows, the anterior row anterior to posterior spiracles, the 

 posterior and penultimate rows each with 7-12 pores, each of next 8 with 7-16. 

 and each of interrupted rows with 2-4; 1-5 dark-rimmed 8-shaped pores each 

 side of mouth parts, a very few scattered on anterior end, a few in lateral area 

 of abdomen and in each of the anterior 3 complete rows of multilocular pores; 

 submarginal 8-shaped pores in a single row terminating near posterior row of 

 multilocular pores, as numerous as marginal 8-shaped pores; submarginal setae 

 in a complete row terminating near the penultimate pair of marginal 8-shaped 

 pores; 1 pair of setae each in posterior and penultimate rows of multilocular 

 pores. 



Apex of abdomen: Notch present: lobes strongly developed; setae, apical 90 

 n long, interapical 14.4 fi long, dorsal 7.2 n long, intermediate ventral 7.2 u long, 

 outer ventral 7.2 n long; anal ring with 6 setae about 36 w long and with an 

 inner row of 6 and an outer row of 12 or 14 pores, divided on dorsal side and 



