THE SCALE INSECT GENUS ASTEROLECANIUM 123 



The variety treated by Green as miliaris longum in 1909 (42, p. 339) 

 on Bairibusa oliverlana from Peradeniya, Ceylon, can now be known 

 as miliaris robustum (see page 130). 



Habit. — Living on both surfaces of leaves. 



Test of female. — Elongate, tapering to each end, 1.75-2.5 mm. long, 0.4-0.5 wide ; 

 fairly convex dorsally, with a faint longitudinal median carina, usually with 

 more distinct curved lateral carinae meeting median carina and with a shallow 

 furrow between median and lateral carinae; flat ventrally ; brownish yellow, 

 transparent, thin, shiny, finely punctate ; marginal filaments not observed ; circular 

 larval exit in margin. 



Adult female. — Elongate, 1.5-2.25 mm. long. 0.4 wide. 



Margin : 8-shaped pores 1-11 in number. 6-8 ll long and 4-5 wide, usually 

 situated opposite spiracles or on median section of lateral margin. 



Dorsal surface : Minute 8-shaped and disk pores rather sparse ; tubular ducts 

 32 /x long ; dorsal tubes present. 



Ventral surface : Antenna a circular area slightly sunken in derm, with 2 

 setae slightly longer than diameter of antenna ; beak without setae ; spiracular 

 bar fairly slender : 2-5 quinquelocular pores between spiracle and body margin 

 (3 or 4 usually in a group fairly close to spiracle) ; 1 or 2 dark-rimmed 8-shaped 

 pores each side of mouth parts, a few scattered anterior to mouth parts, a few 

 arranged in a single longitudinal lateral row, and a few in 2 or 3 transverse 

 rows near posterior end of abdomen ; submarginal 8-shaped pores in a single row 

 terminating about two-thirds length of apical seta from setal bases, fairly 

 numerous : apparently 3 pairs of submarginal setae near posterior end of 

 abdomen, the posterior pair about two-thirds length of apical seta from bases o£ 

 apical setae : 1 pair of setae posterior, and 1 pair anterior, to genital opening. 



Apex of abdomen: Notch present; lobe's sometimes indicated: setae, apical 56 

 lx long, interapical 12 ll long, inner and outer ventral 4-5.4 ,u long: anal ring with 

 6 setae, each about 28 fx long, and with an inner row of 6 and an outer one of 14 

 pores, divided on dorsal side. 



Second stage. — Resembling adult female but much smaller and not tapering 

 so strongly; margin with 36 8-shaped pores varying from a pore's width to six 

 times (usually three times) its length apart; ventral surface with 1 quinqueloc- 

 ular pore near each spiracle. 1 pair of setae observed in median area ; apex of 

 abdomen as in adult but setae one-third or one-fourth shorter. 



Larva. — Nearly elongate elliptical. 



Margin : With 28 8-shaped pores, the posterior 6 pairs slightly smaller than 

 the others, the anterior pair about one-fourth larger than the adjacent pair and 

 one-third larger than posterior pair, axes of all longitudinal; 3 pairs of setae 

 anteriorly. 



Dorsal surface : Disk pores in lateral area. 



Ventral surface ; Antennal setae. I. 1 ; IV. 1 ; V, 1 : VI, 2 long. 2 stout. 3 fairly 

 stout, 1 slender; antennal bases nearly one-third length of antenna apart; beak 

 setae, 2 pairs apical, 1 pair median ; anterior spiracle with 1 trilocular pore, 

 posterior spiracle with 1 trilocular and 1 quinquelocular pore; leg setae, coxa 4. 

 femur 1 on inner margin near base and 1 each on inner and outer margins near 

 center, tarsus 2 on inner and 1 on outer margin ; tibia one-half as hmg as tarsus; 

 9 pairs of submarginal 8-shaped pores: 6 pairs of submarginal minute setae on 

 abdomen, 2 pairs of submarginal larger setae at anterior end: 1 pair of setae 

 between antennae and mouth parts. 



Apex of abdomen: Notch present; setae, apical 36 ll long, interapical ix 

 long, inner ventral 4-5 ll long, outer ventral 4 ll long: anal ring with 6 setae 

 14-16 ix long, and with an inner row of 6 and an outer one of 12 pores, divided on 

 dorsal side. 



Test of male. — Elongate, posterior end rather pointed; 1-1.10 mm. long. 0.3 0.4 

 wide; convex dorsally, with a faint longitudinal median carina: flat ventrally; 

 brownish yellow, transparent, thin, shiny, punctate: marginal filaments whitish, 

 sparse. 



Adult male. — 1 mm. long. 



Head: Antenna 10-segniented : formula (longest to shortest), (IV), (11I». (VI. 

 VII), (V, VIII. IX. X), (I). (II) ; antennal setae. T-IIL 10 12: IV IX. 18 20; 

 X. 8 of usual size, 2 slightly stouter than the others, and 3 very long: basal bars 

 diagonal; 19 setae between ventral eyespots and antennae. 



Thorax: Bar between wing bases rectangular, three times as long as wide; 

 tibia five-sixths length of tarsus. 



