THE SCALE INSECT GENUS ASTEROLECANIUM 147 



Habit. — Living on both surfaces of leaves. 



Test of female. — Elongate, tapering from center to posterior end: 1.45-2 mm. 

 long, 5-0.6 wide; convex dorsally, with a weak longitudinal median carina; 

 fiat ventrally; bright brownish or clear yellow, transparent, punctate; marginal 



filaments pale golden brown, slightly longer at anterior end Than elsewhere; 

 dorsal filaments nibbed off; elliptical larval exit in dorsal surface at margin. 



Adult female. — In shape similar to test, 1-1.75 mm. long, 0.4-0.5 wide. 



Margin: 8-shaped pores in a single row terminating four to six times the 

 length of an apical seta from setal bases, posterior pores 7 or 8 /* long and 4 

 wide, others 9 n long and 5 wide, usually about a pore's width apart at anterior 

 end. and from the width to the length of a pore apart near posterior end; 

 trilocular pores in a single row (occasionally containing a quinquelocular pore 

 and rarely nearly as many quadrilocular or quinquelocular as trilocular pores) 

 usually terminating within 15 8-shaped pores from end of row. about as numerous 

 as corresponding 8-shaped pores near posterior end, about one and a hah times 

 as numerous as these pores elsewhere. 



Dorsal surface: 8-shaped pores along median line and sometimes a few in 

 lateral area, a total of 10-C0 (usually 30-40), 11-16 fi long and 4-12 wide; 

 minute 8-shaped and disk pores numerous: tubular ducts 28 fi long. 



Ventral surface: Antenna globular, with 2 setae as long as. and 2 longer 

 than, diameter of antenna. 4 or 5 quinquelocular pores between antenna and 

 margin : beak with 2 pairs of setae; spiracular bar expanded at inner end, 

 opening large, atrium enlarged but shallow and containing 5-8 quinquelocular 

 pores, 8-11 similar pores extending from spiracle to body margin in a single 

 row: multilocular pores, with 10 loculi, in 3 complete and 5 interrupted rows, 

 i '.or and median complete rows each with 14-20 pores, anteri.tr complete with 

 6-10, each interrupted row with 2, the total 43-51 : a group of 6-12 dark- 

 rimmed 8-shaped pores each side of beak, a few tending toward arrangement 

 in 2 or 3 transverse rows in median area near posterior end; submarginal 

 8-shaped pores in a single row terminating near the i row of multiiocolar 



pores, one-third as numerous as corresponding marginal 8-shaped pores; 

 subin rginai setae in a complete row terminating around length of an 

 apical seta from bases of apical setae; 2 pairs of setae in posterior row of 

 multilocular pores and 1 pair in each of next 3 rows. 



Apex of abdomen ; Lobes sometimes indicated ; setae, apical around 20 ft long, 

 interapical 1 n long, outer ventral 2 ^ long: anal opening apical: anal 

 absent or so short as to be indeterminable; anal ring practically or actually 

 at the surface, apparently consisting of an elliptical, weakly sclerotized plate 

 with a seta 18-24 u long arising from each end. and with 3 or 4 minute pores 

 on the outer edge of each setal base, a more heavily sclerotized line outside 

 pores, and an opening in center of plate. 



Seeond stage. — Resembling adult in shape but smaller: margin with 8-shaped 

 pores terminating length of an apical seta from bases of setae, 5 trilocular pores 

 where each spiracular pore band meets margin: dorsal surface with 1 large 

 8-shaped pore: ventral surface with atrium of spiracle enlarged and containing 

 1 quinquelocular pore, 2 or 3 similar pores between opening and body margin. 1 

 pair of setae in median abdominal area; apex of abdomen with anal lobes indi- 

 cated, apical setae 50 n long, interapical setae l.S u long, outer ventral setae l.S n 

 long; anal opening in body margin, circular, ir> margin sclerotized; without ring 

 or setae. 



Larva. — Nearly elliptical, posterior end narrowed 



Margin: With 28 8-shaped pores, posterior pairs slightly smaller than an- 

 terior ones, axes of all longitudinal; a pair of minute setae close to each of the 

 posterior 2 pairs : 3 pairs of setae at anterior end. 



Dorsal surface: 8-shaped pores in a submedian and a lateral row of each, 

 on each half of body, anterior pore of each row slightly larger than posterior 

 one. submedian pores practically same size as marginal pores, lateral pores 

 about one-half size of submedian ; disk pores occurring between lateral and mar- 

 ginal 8-shaped pores at posterior end. 



Ventral surface: Antennal setae. I. 1: IV. 1 : V. 1 : VI. 3 long, 2 -tout. 2 fairly 

 stout: antennal bases one-third length of antenna apart: beak setae. 2 pairs 

 apical. 1 pair median; spiracle with 1 trilocular and 1 quinquelocular pore: 

 leg setae, coxa 3. femur 1 on inner margin near base, tarsus 1 each on inner and 

 outer margins; tibia one-half as long as tarsus: pairs of submarginal 8-shaped 

 pores: apparently 10 pairs of submarginal minute setae, on abdomen, thorax, 

 and head ; 4 pairs of setae near antennae. 



