218 MISC. PUBLICATION 42 4, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



Third-stage male. — Resembling adult female but distinctly longer than wide; 

 margin with quinquelocular pores interrupted for a space opposite 9 8-shaped 

 pores at anterior end and terminating about 11 8-shaped pores from the posterior 

 8-shaped pores, less numerous than in female ; ventral surface with 6 or 7 quinque- 

 locular pores between each spiracle and body margin, legs represented by 3 pairs 

 of heavily sclerotized, circular, raised areas, each with a straight, stout claw ; 4 

 pairs of median setae near posterior end of abdomen, the pairs in a successively 

 cephalad arrangement; apex of abdomen as in adult female. 



Data. — Described from unmounted specimens (paratypes) and the 

 following mounted material : Five females and 19 larvae from Japanese 

 oak, Westbury, N. Y., September 8, 1903, paratypes ; 4 females, 5 larvae, 

 and 1 third-stage male from Quercus variabilis, Tsingtao, Shangtung, 

 China, C. Y. Chiao, July 17, 1930, N. Y. B. G., holotype and paratypes. 



Allied to perplexum. 



Asterolecanium variolosum (Ratzeburg) 



(Fig. 78, F-Pj pi. 5, J) 



Described as Coccus variolosus on oak from Kunersdorf , near Pots- 

 dam, Germany, and reported from Friedrichshain, Germany, in 1870 

 (80,pp.l87-lH). 



The original description is practically useless for separating this 

 species from other pit-forming species occurring on the bark of oak. 

 Moreover, type specimens of the species have not been available for 

 study, and they may be no longer in existence, since they have not been 

 located in Eberswalde or Berlin. The species treated here is so com- 

 mon in Germany, however, that there is a strong possibility it is the 

 true variolosum. 



The synonymy indicated by Lindinger (63, p. 130) is not accepted in 

 this paper. Some of the species which he synonymized with vario- 

 losum definitely do not belong to Asterolecanium, and it is impossible 

 to tell whether others do or do not. If any of them do belong in this 

 genus, there is no certainty that they are the same as variolosum. 



Habit. — Living on bark, in shallow to deep pits. 



Test of female. — Usually longer than wide, rarely wider than long or circular; 

 1.75-2.25 mm. long. 1.5-1.95 wide, usually about 2 mm. long and 1.6 wide: 

 slightly to distinctly convex dorsally, with posterior tip flattened, and usually 

 with faint transverse striations ; slightly or distinctly convex ventrally ; greenish, 

 brownish, or golden yellow, transparent, often shiny, sometimes slightly punctate 

 in lateral areas ; marginal filaments same color as test, slightly shorter at 

 posterior end than elsewhere : elliptical larval exit in dorsal surface at margin. 



Adult female. — Slightly longer than wide, posterior end slightly produced ; 

 1.7-2.15 mm. long, 1.3-1.7 wide, usually 1.95 mm. long, 1.5 wide. 



Margin : 8-shaped pores in a single row terminating once or twice the length 

 of a posterior pore from bases of apical setae, posterior pores 8 // long and 5 

 wide, the others 9-10 ,a long and 6 wide, from the width to the length of a pore 

 apart; quinquelocular pores in a single row (sometimes in a double row near 

 spiracular pore bands) terminating 13-46 (usually 25-36) 8-shaped pores from 

 end of row, usually interrupted opposite 22-35 8-shaped pores at anterior end, 

 less numerous than corresponding 8-shaped pores at ends of row, one and a half 

 times as numerous as 8-shaped pores elsewhere, except near spiracular pore 

 bands, where they are still more numerous. 



Dorsal surface : Minute 8-shaped pores numerous ; disk pores fairly numerous ; 

 tubular ducts 32 fi long. 



Ventral surface: Antenna thimble-shaped, with 2 setae as long as diameter of 

 antenna: beak with 2 pairs of setae: spiracular bar expanded at inner end; a 

 group of 7-16 quinquelocular nores outside spiracular opening and others extend- 

 ing to body margin, the row double or triple near spiracle and 5 or 6 pores wide 

 near margin, a total of 35-100 (usually 50-75) in group and row combined; 





