from pyrophosphate. The greatest activity was 

 found in a single band that had migrated to- 

 ward the anode. 



100. Lambremont, E. N., and Schrader, 

 R. M. Enzymes of the boll weevil — II. Inor- 

 ganic pyrophosphatase. Jour. Insect Physiol. 

 10 : 37-52. 1964. 



The properties of the enzyme inorganic 

 pyrophosphatase in the boll weevil have been 

 determined as follows: The enzyme is confined 

 to the soluble cell fraction. Kinetics are zero 

 order for up to 1 hour under optimal conditions 

 of 2.5 x 10" 3 M pyrophosphate, 1.0 x 10 3 M Mg 

 Cl 2 , and pH 8.0. Michaelis constant is approxi- 

 mately 1.0 x 10 -8 , and optimum pH range 7.8 to 

 8.2. Experimental activation energy is 15,600 

 cal./mol., and temperature for optimal activity 

 is 50° C. Magnesium is the only divalent metal 

 ion that will activate the enzyme, and the ac- 

 tivity with magnesium is almost completely 

 blocked by equimolar amounts of Mn, Sn, Ca, 

 Co, and Ba. The enzyme is inhibited by reagents 

 that oxidize or interfere with thiol groups. A 

 discussion comparing these results with other 

 published work on inorganic pyrophosphatase 

 is presented. 



101. Lambremont, E. N., and Stein, C. I. 

 C 14 2 production in the boll weevil, Anthono- 

 mus grandis, after injection of C 14 -l-acetate. 

 Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 58: 765-766. 1965. 



Acetate-1-C 14 injected into the boll weevil 

 undergoes immediate oxidative metabolism 

 with the subsequent release of C 14 2 . Maximum 

 C 14 2 production is reached about 1 hour after 

 injection, at which point about 25 percent of 

 the injected acetate is converted to C0 2 ; there- 

 after, the rate of release declines steadily. 



102. Lambremont, E. N., Stein, C. I., and 

 Bennett, A. F. Synthesis and metabolic con- 

 version of fatty acids by the larval boll weevil. 

 Compar. Biochem. Physiol. 16 : 289-302. 1965. 



Larval Anthonomus grandis synthesized 

 long-chain fatty acids from labeled NaOAc in 

 the larval diet. Larvae, pupae, and newly 

 molted unfed adults had an identical labeling 

 pattern. Oleic acid possessed 60 percent of the 

 incorporated radioactivity. The weevil also de- 

 saturated dietary palmitic acid and stearic acid 

 to palmitoleic acid and oleic acid. Some dietary 

 palmitic acid underwent chain elongation to 

 stearic acid, which was desaturated subse- 

 quently. Dietary oleic acid was not hydrogen- 

 ated. The weevil was unable to form linoleic 

 acid from acetate and could not convert closely 

 related long-chain fatty acids into linoleic acid. 

 The direct desaturation pathway may be in 

 operation on all dietary long-chain fatty acids 

 and on fatty acids synthesized from acetate. 



103. Leigh, T. F., and Lincoln, C. Feed- 

 ing and development of the boll weevil, An- 

 thonomus grandis Boh., on several cotton types. 

 Ark. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 692, 18 pp. 1964. 



Resistance of cotton to the boll weevil was 

 investigated in a group of strains and varieties 

 selected to represent a range of fruiting pro- 

 lificity, a range in maturation rate, and in boll- 

 wall thickness. Tests were made to determine 

 the extent of damage to squares and bolls from 

 boll weevil feeding, the survival of weevils in 

 squares and bolls, and the resistance of bolls to 

 mechanical puncture. 



Failure of larvae to develop in squares where 

 an egg apparently had been laid suggested 

 some form of "antibiosis," and similar results 

 in bolls suggested physical impedance. The re- 

 sults were interesting biologically, but little 

 progress was made toward developing a cotton 

 resistant to the boll weevil. 



104. Lincoln, C, and others. The point 

 sample method of scouting for boll weevil. 

 Ark. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 666, 31 pp. 1963. 



G. C. Dowell, W. P. Boyer, and R. C. Hunter, 

 joint authors. 



All squares of 5.6 mm. diameter and larger 

 are examined at one point until a sample of 

 50 is obtained. The feet of row sampled is then 

 measured. Results can be converted to total 

 squares and weevil-punctured squares per acre. 

 Boll weevil infestations increased at the rate of 

 21/2 times weekly. Total squares increased at a 

 similar rate for 4 or 5 weeks, then leveled off 

 for about 3 weeks before dropping. Percentage 

 control with insecticides can be calculated if 

 scouting and application dates are synchro- 

 nized. Sampling error is large, with coefficients 

 of variation in the range of 40 to 90 percent. 

 The point-sample method is also useful for 

 measuring bollworm infestations. Cutting 

 bolls 10 to 21 days old is a useful measure of 

 weevil infestation after squares become scarce. 



105. Lindquist, A. W. Insect population 

 control by the sterile-male technique. Com- 

 prehensive report of a panel, held in Vienna 

 16-19 October 1962. Vienna, Internatl. Atomic 

 Energy Agency Tech. Rpt. Ser. Nr. 21, 59 pp. 

 1963. 



The factors influencing the induction of 

 sterility, some aspects of nutrition, and the 

 mass culture of insects are reviewed. The suit- 

 ability for mass releases of sterile males is con- 

 sidered for a number of species including the 

 boll weevil. 



106. Lindquist, D. A., Brazzel, J. R., and 

 Davich, T. B. Fate of DDT and toxaphene 

 applied topically to susceptible and resistant 

 boll weevils. Jour. Econ. Ent. 54: 299-300. 

 1961. 



The metabolism of DDT by susceptible and 

 resistant boll weevils treated topically with 

 DDT or DDT plus toxaphene was studied. Little 

 difference was found between strains receiv- 

 ing the same treatments. Extracts of weevils 

 treated with DDT plus toxaphene contained 

 slightly more DDT than those of weevils 



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