with isocitrate by triphosphopyridine nucleo- 

 tide, but malate and glutamate were increased 

 by both coenzymes in roughly equal amounts. 

 The oxidation of glycerol, ethanol, beta- 

 hydroxybutyrate, pyruvate, alpha-ketogluta- 

 rate, and choline was not influenced by added 

 coenzyme. The results are discussed and com- 

 pared with those obtained by other workers 

 who have used the tetrazolium method. 



94. Lambremont E. N. In vivo incorpora- 

 tion of acetate-1-C 14 into lipids by the boll wee- 

 vil. (Abstract 36.) Ent. Soc. Amer. Bui. 9 

 (3) : 162. 1963. 



Boll weevil adults incorporate injected ace- 

 tate-l-C 14 into the saponifiable and nonsaponi- 

 fiable lipid fractions. The ratio of incorpora- 

 tion is approximately 9:1 in favor of the 

 saponifiable lipids during the 2 hours after in- 

 jection. Higher synthesis rates in the choles- 

 terol esters and phospholipids than in the 

 neutral glycerides are indicated in silicic acid 

 chromatography tests. 



95. Lambremont, E. N. Biosynthesis of 

 fattv acids in aseptically reared insects. Corn- 

 par. Biochem. Physiol. 14: 419-424. 1965. 



Both aseptic and nonaseptic adult boll wee- 

 vils synthesize long-chain fatty acids from in- 

 jected C 14 -l-acetate. Equivalent synthesis rates 

 and patterns of fatty acid labeling also were 

 found when C 14 -2-acetate was the precursor. 



Most radioactivity was in the C 16 - and (Un- 

 saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids. 

 This insect appears to be incapable of synthe- 

 sizing the C 18 dienoic acid, linoleic acid. 



96. Lambremont, E. N., and Blum, M. S. 

 Fattv acids of the boll weevil. Ent. Soc. 

 Amer. Ann. 56: 612-616. 1963. 



The fatty acid fraction of the boll weevil is 

 a complex mixture of 23 fatty acids ranging in 

 chain length from six to 20 carbon atoms. 

 Eight major acids account for 98 percent of 

 the total. These eight are: myristic (Ci 4 ), pal- 

 mitic (Ci 6 ), palmitoleic (Ci 6 .i), heptadecanoic 

 (C 17 ), stearic (Ci 8 ), oleic (Ci 8 .i), linoleic (Ci 83 ), 

 and linolenic (C18.3). Their relative percentage 

 composition is in the same overall proportion 

 both in total body fat and in the isolated 

 triglyceride fraction. About 62 percent of the 

 boll weevil's fatty acids contain at least one 

 double bond; these unsaturated acids occur 

 mainly in the Ci 8 series. The remaining 38 per- 

 cent are saturated, with palmitic acid account- 

 ing for 30 percent. 



97. Lambremont, E. N., Blum, M. S., and 

 Schrader, R. M. Storage and fatty acid com- 

 position of triglycerides during adult diapause 

 of the boll weevil. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 57: 

 526-532. 1964. 



Total body fat of the boll weevil and relative 

 distribution in major lipid classes, as shown by 

 silicic acid column chromatography, is depend- 

 ent on adult age, larval and adult diet, and 

 diapause. Neutral glyceride and free fatty acid 



fractions account for as much as 90 percent of 

 extractable lipids of diapausing adults. Newly 

 emerged weevils have 2 to 6 percent body fat 



(about 2 percent triglyceride). After 2 to 3 

 weeks of feeding, nondiapausing adults have 

 6 to 10 percent body fat (40 to 60 percent tri- 

 glyceride), but diapausing adults have 18 to 25 

 percent body fat (75 to 85 percent triglycer- 

 ide). The triglyceride level drops during win- 

 ter when the insects are not feeding. By the 

 following June fat content drops to 3 percent 



(28 to 30 percent triglyceride). Boll-fed adults 

 accumulate more triglycerides than square-fed ; 

 adults feeding on both squares and bolls ac- 

 cumulate an intermediate amount. Adult diet 

 is the major factor controlling the type of 

 fatty acid incorporated into the triglycerides. 

 Square-fed adults have about equal amounts of 

 oleic and palmitic acids, the two major fatty 

 acids. However, boll-fed adults have a much 

 higher proportion of oleic. On a given diet the 

 amount of palmitic acid appears to be constant 

 for both physiological states, but oleic acid is 

 slightly higher in diapausing than in nondia- 

 pausing weevils. The mono-unsaturated fatty 

 acids tend to decrease during reproductive ac- 

 tivity and the ds poly-unsaturated fatty acids 

 to increase. Preliminary evidence with the 

 thurberia weevil, as with the boll weevil, indi- 

 cates that incorporated triglyceride fatty acids 

 are a reflection of those in the diet. 



98. Lambremont, E. N., and Earle, N. W. 

 Longevity of the boll weevil under laboratory 

 conditions. Jour. Econ. Ent. 54: 964-966. 

 1961. 



Two cultures (F 9 and Fi 5 ) of adult boll wee- 

 vils were caged in a temperature- and humidity- 

 controlled room in trays containing cotton 

 squares placed in moistened sand under a low- 

 pressure mercury-vapor ultraviolet light. An- 

 other culture (Fi) was caged on squares on 

 drier sand under a high-pressure mercury- 

 vapor ultraviolet light. All weevils were fed 

 fresh debracted squares changed daily. Survival 

 data plotted for the three cultures approached 

 the typical sigmoid or semirectangular curve 

 characteristic of an animal population having 

 a senescence. Longevity was variable and de- 

 pended on sex, culture, and holding conditions. 

 Male weevils from Mexico lived the longest, 

 with a mean of 121.5 davs and maximum of 

 199 days. 



99. Lambremont, E. N., and Schrader, R. 

 M. Electrophoresis of an insect inorganic 

 pyrophosphatase. Nature [London] 204: 883- 

 884. 1964. 



By the use of paper electrophoretic methods 

 (Durrum type) at least six bands were found 

 derived from an acetone extract of the boll 

 weevil. When tested for pyrophosphatase ac- 

 tivity the results suggested that the enzyme 

 extract had four alkaline inorganic phospha- 

 tases capable of producing orthophosphate 



15 



