I hickory, and beech are found where extensive areas 

 I of the sugar maple-beech-yellow birch forest were 

 burned over after logging. 



White Pine-Hemlock 



The white pine-hemlock type occupies less than 8 

 percent of the forest area. This type is made up 

 principally of white pine and hemlock in varying 

 i proportions, and for purposes of this report, pure 

 stands of white pine and pure stands of hemlock are 

 also included. The principal associated species are 

 red maple and birch. The white pine-hemlock type 

 is found chiefly on well-drained slopes and the sides 

 of ravines. Some virgin stands still survive. Though 

 the area occupied by this type is relatively small, it 

 accounts for a quarter of the saw-timber area and 

 2') percent of the volume in saw-timber stands, and 

 for nearly a tenth of the pole-timber area and volume. 

 The saw timber averages nearly 5,600 board feet to 

 the acre, the highest in the region; and the tonnage is 

 only slightly below that in the sugar maple-beech- 

 yellow birch stands. This type has a higher growth 

 rate than any other and, because of the generally 

 moist conditions of the site, is rarely damaged by fire. 



White Pine-White Oak-Red Oak 



The white pine-white oak-red oak type is dominant 

 in Columbia and western Luzerne Counties, in the 

 Blue Mountain Valley, in the watershed of the 

 Lackawaxen River, and to either side of Mahantago 

 Creek. It is characteristic of the fairly fertile agri- 

 cultural sections in the rolling foothills. The prin- 

 cipal species are white pine, red oak, black oak, white 

 oak, chestnut oak, and in a lesser degree red maple. 

 On the whole, this type is found on moister sites than 

 the other oak types and is less susceptible to lire. 



The proportion of white pine is high (27 percent;, 

 but there is some reason to believe that the proportion 

 is decreasing as a result of clear-cuttin». Seedling 

 pines are apt to be stifled by oak sprouts in stands of 

 this type. 



Table 4. — Net volume in each major forest type, by class of 

 material 



Forest type 



Sugar maple-beech-yellow 

 birch . 



Aspen-gray birch-pin cherry 



White pine-hemlock 



White pine-white oak-red 

 oak 



Red oak-black oak-white 

 oak 



Chestnut oak 



Scrub oak 



Other 



All forest types 



Sawlog Other 



material material 



M bd. it. Ton 



867.200 12,268, 500 



4, 400 702, 800 



386, 000 2. 894, 400 



All 

 material 



380, 200 



ft. 

 572 

 28. 620 

 173, 160 



5, 337, 000 259, 610 



448, 500 7, 4^3, 300 308. 540 



37, 200 670, 400 28, 550 



4,000 150,300 5.950 



8,100 132,600 6.130 



2. 135. 600 29. 629. 30" 



Red Oak-Black Oak-White Oak 



The red oak-black oak-white oak type is dominant 

 along the slopes of ridges and in the comparatively 

 flat, fertile farm land of Dauphin, Lebanon. Montour, 

 and Northumberland Counties. It consists almost 

 entirely of various species of oak. The principal 

 associated species are red maple, pitch pine, white 

 ash. basswood, and aspen. This type occupies 

 nearly as main acres as the sugar maple-beech- 

 yellow birch type, but is in much poorer condition. 

 It accounts for onl\ about one-eighth of the saw- 

 timber volume and less than a fifth of th : tonnage >>t' 

 the region. Because ol the frequent clear-cutting for 



Table 3. — Distribution of forest area of each mqjoi ! Ution class 



Forest type 



Sugar maple-beech-yellow birch 

 Aspen-gray birch-pin cherry 



While pine-hemlock 



While pine-white oak-red oak 

 Red oak-black oak-white oak. . . 



Chestnut o,ik 



Sci lib oak 



Other. . . 



All forest t\ pes 



Merchantable stands 



Saw timber 



00 



13, son 

 23,000 

 26,000 



1. 500 



too 



I . too 



Percen 



46. (i 



•i 

 I Vil 



1 1 ' 



1,1,1 ,1 



Pole timber 



H >, 100 



,,. 600 



57,900 



95, 800 



[22, 800 

 is. 000 



51 i 

 1. 1 

 9. -4 



! i 



I. UMI 



61 t >00 



P 



I, in ,i 



I Ihmerchantable 



st. iinK 



I 

 524, 00 

 91, 500 



l n. 800 



99 ] J00 



-;, 500 



11. SOU 



:i s 

 i B 



' ' • 



n 9 



4. 1 



) 



All stands 



I 

 Ms. SO,' 





P 

 ►8 



!8 





The Anthracite Forest Region A Problem Ann 





