Figure 11. — Plantations have been established around reservoirs. 



The type of area planted has varied. Plantations 

 have been established around reservoirs (fig. 11). 

 Seedlings have been spot-planted in poor timber 

 stands to improve the species composition of the 

 stands. Plantings have been made on unused areas 

 near towns, mine waste banks, and abandoned or 

 otherwise unused farm lands. In all, about 30,000 

 acres have been planted. 



Timber Management 



Altogether, about one-eighth of the forest area is 

 under some degree of management for timber pro- 

 duction, but there is very little intensive manage- 

 ment. The total area under intensive management 

 amounted to only about 5,000 acres in 1945. 



Timber-stand-improvement measures, introduced 

 during the last few decades, have been fostered by 

 State agencies. Many farmers and some private 

 owners practice good timber management, and a 

 small start in this direction has been made by a few 

 coal companies and mine-timber operators. On the 

 whole, however, timber management has hardly 

 begun. 



State Agencies 



Management for timber production has been 

 carried on extensively in the State forests. A com- 



plete forest inventory was made between 1934 and 

 1936. Defective, mature, and overmature trees have 

 been removed through sales to private operators 

 under State cutting regulations, and considerable 

 improvement cutting has been done. Planting also 

 has been carried on, much of it spot-planting for the 

 purpose of stand improvement. In the Delaware 

 State Forest alone 1,146,000 seedlings were set out 

 between 1899 and 1939. In the Wyoming State 

 Forest, much of which had been clear-cut before the 

 State acquired it, the emphasis is on watershed im 

 provement. During the war, logging on State lands 

 increased, usually under diameter-limit cutting 

 practices. 



The Pennsylvania Game Commission, which owns 

 232,000 acres of forest, also has given some attention 

 to timber-stand improvement and to management for 

 timber production (although it is primarly interested 

 in game production). Some open areas have been: 

 planted. Some stands have been weeded to leave 

 species favorable to game. Considerable cutting has 

 been done recently on a diameter-limit scale. 



The Extension Service 



The extension service of the Pennsylvania State 

 College has been responsible for part of the improve- 

 ment in farm woodlands. The extension forestei 



12 



Miscellaneous Publication 648, U. S. Department of Agriculture 



