XORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 59 



rounded ; surf ace sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, inconspicu- 

 ous hairs, finely, sparsely granulose at sides on basal half, imbricate- 

 punctate at middle on basal half, densely granulose and irregularly 

 dentate on apical half, the teeth broad, semierect, variable in size, and 

 rasplike. Scutellum triangular. 



Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at middle; sides 

 slightly expanded posteriorly, conjointly broadly rounded at apices; 

 submarginal carina sharply elevated along apical declivity, curving 

 inward along top of apical declivity to sutural margin; surface 

 sparsely clothed with short, recumbent, yellowish hairs, which are 

 denser on apical declivity and along lateral margins, coarsely, densely, 

 irregularly punctate, usually finely punctate on posterior half of 

 apical declivity; apical declivity obliquely deflexed, more or less 

 distinctly margined anteriorly, with two smooth, erect, conical tuber- 

 cles along sutural margins at middle of declivity, the tubercles nar- 

 rowly separated at bases, acute and somewhat curved at apices ; sutural 

 margins broad, strongly elevated, and coarseh T dentate along inner 

 margins between tubercles and apices. 



Body beneath densely, fineh' punctate, densely clothed with long, 

 recumbent, yellowish hairs; last visible abdominal sternite broadly 

 rounded or subtruncate at apex. 



Length 3.5-6 mm., width 2-2.5 mm. 



Type locality. — Of anale, Belgaum, Bombay Province, India ; type 

 in the Andrewes Collection in the Paris Museum. Of geminatum, 

 Northern China ; type was in Schilsky's Collection in the Zoological 

 Museum in Berlin. Of macleayu Southern Australia; type probably 

 in South Australian Museum at Adelaide. 



Distribution. — This species is distributed throughout India, Ceylon, 

 Mesopotamia, Indo-China, Southern China, Malay Archipelago, 

 Philippines, Australia, Celebes, Java, and New Zealand, and has been 

 carried in commerce to various parts of the world. Many specimens 

 have been examined that were intercepted in wooden packing cases, 

 and in derris and tuba roots at New York : Detroit, Mich. ; Philadel- 

 phia, Pa.; San Francisco, Calif.; Miami, Fla. ; and Columbus, Ohio. 



Hosts.— This species is considered to be one of the most destructive 

 wood borers in India, and the adults attack a great variety of plants. 

 Beeson and Bhatia (1937) recorded 67 different plants as the host of 

 this species in India. It is a common species in the forests, timber 

 depots, sawmills, and factories, and is a primary borer in the sapwood 

 of logs, and timbers used in building construction, boxes, and packing 

 cases. The adults tunnel into and oviposit in dying and dead trees, 

 freshly cut logs, firewood, and old, dry, or even rotting (if dry) mate- 

 rial, but rarely oviposit in green healthy trees. The adults sometimes 

 bore into green shoots and twigs for feeding or hibernating, and as 

 a result, the leaders of seedlings or young saplings may be killed. 



This species was described by Lesne (1897) from material collected 

 at light and under rotten bark. Schilsky (1899) described Sinovylon 

 geminatum from a single example from Northern China, but Lesne 

 (1906) states that this locality is doubtful and places geminatum as 

 a synonym of aS y . anale Lesne. Blackburn (1889) erected the genus 

 Apatodes for his new species macleayi from southern Australia, but 

 Froggatt (1927) placed it as a synonym of Sinoxylon anale Lesne. 



