NORTH AMERICAN BOSTRICHIDAE 85 



lyptus. This species is capable of causing considerable damage to tim- 

 bers, logs, and poles, reducing the wood to powder to the depth of 

 2 or 3 inches, but attacks only the sapwood. 



TVollaston (1867) described grayanus from a single example col- 

 lected by Mr. Gray in the interior of Santa Iago, Cape Verde Islands, 

 under the loose bark of a recently felled gigantic native Ficus tree. 

 Fahraeus (1872) described picipermis from CafTraria, Africa, but 

 Lesne (1896) placed both these species as synonyms of brunneus 

 Murray (1867). 



The sexes of brunneus are very difficult to separate on secondary 

 sexual characters. In the extreme forms the males have the two 

 median teeth on the anterior margin of the pronotum strongly hooked 

 and rather narrowly separated by a deep angular emargination, 

 whereas in the females the teeth are smaller, straight, and widely 

 separated from each other. There are all kinds of intermediates be- 

 tween these two forms ; sometimes the emargination is arcuate, angu- 

 lose, trapezoidal, or rectangular. 



Heterobostrychus aequalis (Waterhouse) 



Bostrichus aequalis Waterhouse, 1884, Zool. Soc. London, Proc., pp. 215-216, 

 pi. 16, tig. 3. 



Bostrychus aequalis Lefroy, 1909, Indian Insect Life, p. 316, fig. 193. 



Heterobostrychns aequalis Lesne, 1899, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. (1898) 67: 

 557, 560-562, figs. 29, 31, 173, 174 ; 1904, Mission Pavie Indo-Chine, Ent. Div., 3 : 

 106, pi. 9, figs. 3-4; Fanvel, 1904, Rev. d'Ent. 23 (6) : 157-158; Jakobson, 1913, 

 Kafer Russland, pt. 10, p. 805; Stebbing, 1914, Indian Forest Insects, pp. 

 148-149, figs. 88, 95: Lesne, 1926, Treubia 7: 119; Froggatt, 1927, Forest 

 Insects and Timber Borers, pp. 98-99; Gardner, 1933, Indian Forest Rec, Ent. 

 Ser. 18 (9) : 13, 15, pi. 4, figs. 45-46 (larvae) ; Beeson, 1935, Indian Forester 

 61 (4) : 250-255 ; Beeson and Bhatia, 1937, Indian Forest Rec. (New Ser., Ent.) 

 2: 225, 229, 257-262, 309-320, figs. 6-8; pi. 1, figs. 1-3; Lesne, 1938, in Junk 

 (pub.), Coleopt. Cat., pt. 161, p. 37. 



Bostryclms uncipennis Lesne, 1895, Soc. Ent. de France Ann. 64 : 173. 



Male. — Elongate, cylindrical, moderately shining, uniformly reddish 

 brown to brownish black, the palpi, antennae, and tarsi brownish yel- 

 low ; dorsal surface of body glabrous. 



Head much narrower than pronotum, coarsely, very densely granu- 

 lose on front, with short, longitudinal, parallel carinae on occiput; 

 clypeus convex, finely, irregularly punctate, truncate in front ; clypeal 

 suture obsolete; labrum clensety ciliate in front with long, golden- 

 yellow hairs. 



Pronotum quadrate, strongly convex, widest at middle or posterior 

 angles, strongly deflexed on apical half, arcuately emarginate in front ; 

 sides broadly rounded or parallel at middle, strongly converging an- 

 teriorly ; posterior angles rectangular or lobed and more or less project- 

 ing. Surface finely, sparsely, irregularly punctate, with a few coarse 

 punctures intermixed, and more or less imbricate on basal half, densely 

 tuberculose on apical half, the tubercles short, broad, and rasplike, 

 and with four or five broad, erect tubercles on each side along lateral 

 margins anteriorly. 



Elytra at base subequal in width to pronotum at posterior angles, 

 sinuate at base, without longitudinal costae, each elytron with two 

 tubercles on apical declivity, the outer one straight, elongate, mod- 

 erately elevated, inner tubercle long, arcuate, and more or less hooked 

 at apex; sutural margins elevated on apical declivity; sides parallel, 

 separately rounded at apices ; surface densely, deeply, coarsely punc- 



