1941 - Gaines, J. C. A factorial experiment comparing insecticides for control of cotton 

 insects. J. Econ. Ent. 34(4) :5 12-515. 



Experiments to obtain information on the value of insecticides used in a 

 schedule of applications for the control of all cotton insects. 



All the dusts were applied in the early morning when the cotton was wet with 

 dew, sulphur at the rate of 14.6 lbs. per acre on June 26 and July 9, and calcium 

 arsenate, and mixtures of lead arsenate and clay (90:10) and natural cryolite and 

 sulphur (85:15), at the average rate of 9.4 lbs. per acre 6 times at approximately 

 5 -day intervals from July 24 to August 22. The last three dusts contained 41.7% 

 and 29.2% total arsenic pentoxide and 76.5% sodium fluoaluminate, respectively. 

 Infestation by A. grandis , injury by H. armigera , populations of P. seriatus , 

 Adelphocoris rapidus Say, and Aphis gossypii Glov. , and yields of cotton were 

 compared on plots receiving no treatment, sulphur, each of the three stomach 

 poisons, and sulphur followed by each stomach poison. All the stomach poisons 

 significantly decreased infestation by Anthonomus and Adelphocoris and injury 

 due to H. armigera , and significantly increased the aphid population and the 

 yield. The cryolite and lead arsenate mixtures were more effective against 

 H. armigera than calcium arsenate, but less effective against Adelphocoris, and 

 were followed by fewer aphids. The arsenicals were more effective against 

 Anthonomus than the cryolite mixture. On the basis of yield, all the stomach 

 poisons were equally effective. 



1941 - Gaines, R. C. Effect of boll weevil control and cotton aphid control on yield as 

 shown in a factorial experiment. J. Econ. Ent. 34(4) :50 1 -504. 



In 1940, factorial experiments were continued in Louisiana, in South Caro- 

 lina, and at two localities in Texas to determine the effect on infestation and yield 

 of cotton of treatment with calcium arsenate dust containing about 7% to 8% 

 water-soluble arsenic pentoxide for the control of Anthonomus grandis Boh.; 

 with a dust of nicotine sulphate and lime containing 3% nicotine against Aphis 

 gossypii Glov.; and of a combination of the two. Applications of calcium arsenate 

 at the rate of about 7 lbs. per acre were begun when the first blooms appeared on 

 the cotton plants and were repeated at 5-day intervals; 11 effective applications 

 were made at College Station, Tex., and 8 at the other localities. Nicotine dust 

 was applied at 2-4 times at a rate of approximately 14 lbs. per acre. 



Calcium arsenate alone caused significant reductions in infestation by A. 

 grandis in all localities but the one in South Carolina. The number of aphids in- 

 creased noticeably in all localities. The yields, however, increased appreciably 

 only in Louisiana and at College Station. Nicotine dust did not affect either infes- 

 tation by A. grandis or yield at any locality when used alone, but it caused per- 

 ceptible reductions in aphids in all localities except in South Carolina, both when 

 used alone and with calcium arsenate. The combined treatment reduced infestation 

 by A. grandis significantly in all localities except South Carolina. It resulted in 

 yields of 205, 95, and 80 lbs. of seed cotton per acre greater than plots treated 

 with calcium arsenate alone in Louisiana, South Carolina, and at College Station. 

 Yields were 20 lbs. per acre less at Waco, Tex. Only the first difference was 

 significant. 



1941 - Gaines, R. C., M. T. Young, and G. L. Garrison. Effect of different calcium ar- 

 senates upon boll weevils, cotton aphids, andplant bugs, and upon yields. J. Econ. 

 Ent. 34(4):495-497. 



Experiments were conducted in 2 fields to study the effect of 3 calcium ar- 

 senates containing different percentages (0.42%, 11.4%, and 16.5%) of water- 

 soluble arsenic pentoxide upon the boll weevil, the cotton aphid, the tarnished 

 plant bug, and the rapid plant bug, and upon the yield of seed cotton. The results 

 were analyzed statistically. 



In both experiments the infestation records indicated that the 3 calcium 

 arsenates were equally effective against the boll weevil. In both experiments the 

 calcium arsenates containing 1 6.5% and 11.4% of water-soluble arsenic pentoxide 

 were followed by greater increases in cotton aphids and greater reductions in the 

 tarnished plant bug and the rapid plant bug, as compared with the checks. The 



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