1906 - Cook, Mel T. Insectos y enfermedades del algodon. Primer informe anual de la 



Estacion Central Agronomica de Cuba, p. 178-180„ 



Probably introduced into Cuba. Brief description and account of life history. 



1907 - Newell, W. The boll weevil- -Information concerning its life history and habits. 



Louisiana Crop Pest Comn. C. 9:29. 



A summary of the life history and habits of the boll weevil in its different 

 stages, and the means by which it is disseminated, its migration, hibernation, 

 and other matters connected with an understanding of its history. 



1911 - Cushman, R. A. Studies in the biology of the boll weevil in the Mississippi Delta 

 Region of Louisiana. J. Econ. Ent. 4(5):432-448. 



Oviposition -- The female weevil, selecting a suitable place, usually on the 

 surface of the calyx toward the base of the square, begins drilling a hole by 

 pulling off a little flake of the outer epidermis. She thrusts her beak into the 

 tender portion of the square and gnaws out a small cavity. Withdrawing her 

 beak, she places the tip of her abdomen directly over the puncture, into which 

 she thrusts her ovipositor, depositing a single egg in the chamber at the 

 extreme end of the puncture. Then she plugs the puncture with a particle of 

 excrement, pressing it down with the tip of her abdomen. The total time for the 

 whole process varied from 2 min. 45 sees, to 9 mins. 30 sees., with an average 

 of 4 mins. 41 sees. Exclusive of the time lost in hunting for the puncture, one of 

 the weevils accomplished the act in 1 min. 55 sees. 



Oviposition of hibernated weevils -- The oviposition period lasted from 

 14 to 53 days, during which time the weevils deposited from 51 to 304 eggs. The 

 average oviposition was 203.33 eggs, and the average period, 34.44 days. The 

 average daily individual oviposition varied from 3.4 to 7.66 eggs, with a total 

 average of 5.9 eggs per day. The maximum number of eggs deposited by any 

 weevil during one day was 20. 



Oviposition of latest first generation weevils - -Of an original 9 weevils, 

 4 died without producing any eggs and 1 was lost after 5 days of ovipositing. Of 

 the 4 remaining, ovipositing ranged from 43 to 49 days. During the above period 

 the weevils deposited the following numbers of eggs: 295, 211, 183, and 198. 

 The average total oviposition for the 4 weevils was 221.75 eggs. The average 

 daily oviposition was 4.78 eggs, and the maximum number of eggs deposited by 

 any 1 weevil during 1 day was 12. 



The total period from emergence to oviposition varied from 5 to 23 days. 

 The number of eggs produced on the first day of oviposition show remarkable 

 variation- -from 1 to 7. 



Developmental Period- -Incubation period: Data on the incubation period 

 obtained from 6 lots of eggs. Of these, 4 lots deposited June 27 to July 4, showed 

 a period of about 3 days, and 2 lots, deposited July 8-10, gave a period of about 

 2-1/2 days. The determining factor in the duration of the incubation period was 

 maximum temperatures. The results obtained indicate that the larval period 

 occupies slightly less than half of the total developmental period, and approxi- 

 mately equals the incubation and pupal periods combined. The average develop- 

 mental period of 92 weevils bred from unopened squares was 13.4 days, 0.4 of a 

 day less than for those in the opened squares. The average mean developmental 

 period as determined above, taken together with the average pre-oviposition 

 period, gives an average total life cycle, exclusive of the oviposition period, of 

 about 20 days. It was noticed that, in general, a relative majority of the earliest 

 weevils reared from the different lots of squares were females and that the per- 

 centage of males increased as time passed. Other things being equal, the larger 

 the lot of squares, the better the condition for food, and the shorter the develop- 

 mental period of the weevils reared. 



1911 - Townsend, C. H. T. The cotton square weevil of Peru and its bearing on the boll 

 weevil problem of North America. J. Econ. Ent. 4(2):241-248. 



The author's views in regard to the future development of cotton growing in 

 the arid southwest, with special reference to the supposed immunity of this 

 section to the cotton boll weevil. 



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