1911 - Rosenfeld, A. H. Insects and spiders in Spanish moss. J. Econ. Ent. 4(4):398-409. 



Contains records of Anthonomus grandis hibernating in ordinary Spanish 

 moss, Tillandsia usneoides . An average of 1,313 weevils were found per ton of 

 moss. 



1912 - Hunter, W. D., and W. D. Pierce. The Mexican boll weevil: A summary of the 



investigations of this insect up to December 31, 1911. Sen. Doc. 305, 188 p. 

 Considerable detail is devoted to the hibernation habits of the weevil. 



1921 - Smith, G. D. Studies in the biology of the Mexican cotton boll weevil on short- 

 staple upland, long- staple upland, and Sea-Island cottons. U. S. D. A. B. 926, 44 

 p. Apr. 19. 



A report of studies conducted at Madison, Fla., during 1918 and 1919. Con- 

 siderable attention was devoted to longevity, oviposition, and hibernation. Dif- 

 ferences in boll weevils bred on the different cottons are mentioned. 



1925 - Hinds, W. E. Boll weevil control. La. Agr. Expt. Sta. Ann. Rpt. of La. State U. 

 and A&M Coll. 



Hibernation tests started in the fall of 1924 included 1,956 weevils placed in 

 cages between October 4 and 15. Of these, only one weevil, or 0.005%, emerged 

 the following spring, on May 15. Among 5,370 weevils placed in cages from 

 October 31 to November 29, 1924, 483 weevils, or about 9%, survived. Weevils 

 began to leave winter quarters in the cages by the middle of February, before 

 cotton was planted. The peak of the emergence movement occurred during the 

 last week of April, and the last weevil appeared on June 12. The percent of sur- 

 vival was unusually high and indicated a serious degree of attack on the 192 5 

 cotton crop in the vicinity of Baton Rouge. 



1927 - Fenton, F. A., and E. W. Dunnam. Winter survival of the cotton boll weevil at 

 Florence, S. C. J. Econ. Ent. 20(2):327-336. 



From 1922 to 1926, an average of 3.27 percent of cotton boll weevils sur- 

 vived the winter in various types of protective shelters at Florence, S. C. Prac- 

 tically all weevils issuing from hibernation before cotton was available as a food 

 plant died, the average longevity at this time being 5.64 days. 



Weevils emerging from winter quarters after cotton came up were placed in 

 field cages on young plants. A great majority of them died before the plants 

 started to square. Average longevity under these conditions was 8.12 days. 

 Weevils emerging at or after the time when squares were developed on cotton 

 plants were longer lived in these same field cages than those emerging prior to 

 development. The average longevity for males was 16.28 and for females, 13.42 

 days. The maximum longevity at this time was 66 days for males and 46 for fe- 

 males. According to trap crop records and field counts, weevils continued to 

 enter the cotton fields for 3 to 4 weeks after the first squares formed, or until 

 about the time the first blooms appeared. 



In 1925, 90.01% of the surviving weevils had emerged in all cages at the 

 time cotton began to square, 73.04% in those in the woods, 90.37% in those in the 

 field, and 47.01% in the trap crops. Emergence in the hibernation cages located 

 in the woods corresponded very closely with that in the two trap crops after 

 May 14. 



In 1926, 98.03% of the weevils had emerged in all the hibernation cages when 

 cotton began to square, all in those in the woods, 97.91% in those in the field, and 

 none had been collected in the trap crops. The emergence of the weevils in the 

 hibernation cages is called the "total emergence," and that in the trap crops the 

 "effective emergence," since the latter represents those weevils that emerge 

 late enough to find cotton. 



Trap-crop records and field counts for the 2 years indicated that there may 

 be a considerable migration of weevils to cotton fields after first square produc- 

 tion, although this may actually represent a small percentage of the total survival 

 for that year. The use of the trap crop in determining the rate of "effective 

 emergence" of the weevil from hibernation is more reliable and more repre- 

 sentative of field conditions than is that of the hibernation cage. 



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