

1909 - Froggatt, W. W. Report on parasitic and injurious insects in various parts of the 



world in 1907-1908. Rpt. of the Govt. Ent., Dept. of Agr., N. S.Wales, p. 18-19, 

 23, 62-63. 



Work on the boll weevil by the U. S. D. A. and the Crop Pest Commission; 

 also area devoted to cotton in Mexico and presence of boll weevil. Brief history 

 of spread of weevil and of parasites attacking the species. 



1910 - Hinds, W. E. Facing the boll weevil problem in Alabama. Ala. Col. Sta. 



B. 146:79-102, 2 pi., 1 fig. 



The life history and habits of the boll weevil, the nature of its injury, and 

 methods of control. If the rate the weevil has been traveling eastward is main- 

 tained, the general line of infestation may be expected to reach the Mississippi- 

 Alabama boundary by November 1910. 



Movement of boll weevil since its spread into Texas in 1892. Quarantine 

 regulations, description, effect on cotton, and method of cultural control of boll 

 weevil. Hope that the coming of the boll weevil shall bring a blessing to the State 

 and not be a curse. 



1911 - Bishopp, F. C. An annotated bibliography of the Mexican cotton boll weevil. 



U. S. D. A. Bur. Ent. C. 140:30. 



Some 297 titles are intended to serve as an index to the extensive literature 

 on the Mexican cotton boll weevil. 



1914 - Hinds, W. E. Boll weevil effect upon cotton production. Ala. Agr. Expt. Sta. 

 B. 178:87-99, 1 map. July. Auburn. 



The boll weevil has spread steadily at an annual rate of 50 miles since 1891, 

 when it entered from Mexico. This progress is due to the adaptability of the 

 cotton plant to a more northern climate than that in which it originated. The 

 degree of damage by the boll weevil, however, will not be uniform throughout the 

 cotton area, owing to the smaller number of generations in cooler and drier 

 portions of the cotton belt. For example, in northern Texas (33° N. lat.) there 

 is one generation less than in southern Texas (29° N. lat.). 



By far the most important factors in natural control are climatic conditions, 

 extremes of heat and drought, particularly so when they occur at the beginning of 

 the fruiting season and continue for 6 weeks or more. Extremes of cold and wet 

 in winter have occasionally exterminated the weevil; this happened in Central 

 Arkansas and northern Mississippi in 1911-1912. In Alabama there is no likeli- 

 hood of control by heat and drought, although in the mountainous regions in the 

 northeast and north of the Tennessee Valley extreme winter temperature may 

 check the advance of the weevil. 



The occasional reduction of the weevil by early frosts demonstrates the 

 possibility of its control by means of a general destruction of stalks in autumn; 

 the general stripping of cotton by the cotton worm has much the same influence 

 in checking multiplication of the weevil. 



By studying a map on which the rainfall and boll weevil injury zones are 

 charted, it is possible to determine approximately what degree of damage may be 

 anticipated as the boll weevil advances. This pest may be credited with a large 

 portion of the rise in price of cotton between 1902, when it sold at 5 to 6 cents 

 per pound and 1910, when the price ranged from 10 to 14 cents or more. 



Two tables show the effect of this weevil upon the yield of cotton per acre, 

 by 5-year periods in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, Alabama, 

 Georgia, and North and South Carolina. The first 4 are classed as infested and 

 the remaining 4 as uninfested States. In 3 half- infested States, the decrease 

 averaged 13.6%, while in Louisiana (wholly infested) the figure was 38%. 



The most important factors in natural control are climatic conditions. 

 Rainfall is a factor; where there is 10 inches or less, damage from boll weevil is 

 light. Injury according to rainfall zones is discussed. 



In Arizona a variety of the boll weevil (A. grandis var. thurberiae) was 

 discovered on a plant closely allied to cotton and adapted to a dry climate. The 

 periods of hot weather in Texas, should the weevil by any chance be introduced 



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