42 Report of Schimmel 8j Co. April/October 1917. 



The samples 1 and 2 gave such a high ester value that there is absolute proof of 

 adulteration, in point of fact by the ester of a difficultly volatile acid, especially as 

 the difference between the saponification value and the acid value II 1 ) is much too 

 high, whereby it is quite irrelevant whether the ester was added for itself or as a 

 component of an oil. Closer examination revealed nothing particular on this point; 

 anyhow it grew evident that this was not the only adulterant in each case. The increase 

 of the specific gravity after shaking with water proved that the oils- contained alcohol, 

 which we were able to eliminate and to identify by converting it into acetic ester. 

 The quantity which had been added amounted to a little over 3 per cent, in sample 

 1, and 7 per cent, in sample 2. Furthermore, the total geraniol content in the latter 

 is too high, which leads to the conclusion that it had also been adulterated with 

 palmarosa oil, geraniol, or similar substances. 



Apparently in sample 3 alcohol was the only adulterant, but to such an extent 

 that the addition amounted at least to 10 per cent. Possibly palmarosa oil was also 

 present, as the oil, after freeing from alcohol, showed a total geraniol content of 

 77 per cent., giving sufficient ground for suspicion. 



Finally, an oil may be mentioned which was offered to us for sale from Constantinople. . 

 The sample was so small that only the rotation and solidification point could be 

 determined, which was, however, quite sufficient to give an idea of its quality. The 

 rotation amounted to — 28° 30', and the solidification point to +27°! The smell also 

 reminded much more of geranium oil than of rose oil; hence it appeared mainly to 

 be a highly adulterated geranium oil which the seller in his innocence had taken for 

 rose oil, as we do not imagine that he wanted to defraud us intentionally. 



The Rose Oil Industry in Asiatic Turkey (Anatolia). 



By Dr. G. Bredemann, 



Agricultural Expert to the Imperial Government of German New Guinea, now at Constantinople. 



Rose growing in Turkey is of fairly recent date. It was introduced in 1894 by a 

 Turkish rose farmer who had immigrated from Bulgaria and smuggled rose plants 

 from Kazanlyk across the Turkish frontier. He started with them on his own account 

 and on a small scale, but soon taught and extended rose growing in the country by 

 order of the Government. He is still now in the Government's service as a specialist 

 for rose growing, which he succeeded, during 20 years of activity, in developing from 

 the most modest beginnings to its present rather considerable extension. 



Statistics for the year 1329 (1913) as to the extent of rose growing in European 

 and Asiatic Turkey were published recently by the Turkish Ministry of Agriculture. It 

 is to be found in the "Agricultural Statistics of the year 1329" (Constantinople, Library 

 Osmanie, 1332), edited by the General Governing Board for Statistics of the Ministry 

 of Commerce and Agriculture. This official summary is reproduced on the following 

 two pages 44 and 45: 



Attention must, however, be called to the fact that some rather considerable 

 mistakes have crept into this review. Especially the figures given for the area under 

 cultivation in the Vilayet of Ai'din and also in the Vilayet of Konieh are far too high, so 



x ) Concerning acid values, see .Gildemeister und Hoffmann, Die dtherischen die, 2 nd ed., vol. Ill, p. 75 to 77; 

 Report October 1910, 62. 



