46 Report of Schimmel § Co. April/October 1917. 



As may be deduced from table II, rose growing in Anatolia has its greatest extent 

 in the two sandjaks of Burdur and Isparta (Sparta), situated in the western part of 

 the vilayet of Konieh, especially in the neighbourhood of the two capitals of the same 

 name as the sandjaks. Here, as everywhere in Anatolia, it is exclusively the native 

 population who occupy themselves with this cultivation, and by no means the Turks 

 who immigrated from Bulgaria. The Government is trying to extend it still further 

 and has published a little illustrated manual for the instruction of the peasants: "The 

 Book on Planning, Planting and Care of Rose Gardens and on the Obtention of Otto 

 of Roses" (vol. 9 of the Library of the Ministry of Commerce and Agriculture. Con- 

 stantinople, Library "Kadar", 1328 [1912]). In many places of the country further 

 experiments of cultivation are made, for which the Government supplies the slips free 

 of cost. Some of them have had to be given up as hopeless, e. g. near Tire, Odemish, 

 Kassaba, Ushak and, quite recently, near Konieh. Others, on the contrary, are most 

 promising, the fields near Mughla developing especially well, where there is every 

 prospect of a flourishing rose, oil industry. Two years ago, a start was made there 

 with 40 donums and it is planned to increase the area next year to 400 donums. 



One of the principal conditions for the prosperity of the roses and for obtaining 

 a good crop with a satisfactory yield of oil is a mild climate with a temperature 

 oscillating as little as possible and with sufficient rainfall. Especially in the harvest 

 time, dry weather is of the greatest disadvantage for the yield of oil. The most 

 appropriate kind of soil is sandy clay with a sufficient proportion of lime and humus 

 in it; it must be deep and keep the moisture well, without being too damp. Hard, 

 stony, and especially also damp, soils with impermeable subsoil are altogether unsui- 

 table, the same as low-lying valleys surrounded by mountains. The best site for 

 the rose gardens is on free, gentle slopes in the direction towards north, north-east 

 or north-west, so that they are protected against the warm South winds which diminish 

 considerably the yield of flowers and especially that of oil. 



All these conditions are most satisfactorily given in the present chief rose districts 

 of Burdur and Isparta, in the former perhaps even better than in the latter, where a 

 regular irrigation is required in summer. Before the war, a French company planned 

 to use the available water power for an electricity works connected with a pumping 

 station in order to water the fields. The said two districts and the sandjak of Mentcher 

 (Mughla) offer, as far as the present experiments and experience go, the best con- 

 ditions for rose growing and have every prospect of developing in the future on a 

 still larger scale. Also in the vilayet of Brussa, where rose growing was introduced in 

 1909 and where there is now a special official, a fairly considerable extension has 

 taken place in the last years. Of late, the peasants there even go so far as to destroy 

 the mulberry plantations, owing to the present great depression in the silk industry, 

 and replace them by roses. However, in Brussa the conditions do not seem to be 

 favourable everywhere for rose growing, especially as the soil is too damp in some 

 places, so that the peasants there run the risk of experiencing a great disappointment 

 with their rose fields. In the vilayet of Aidin (Smyrna), the conditions are unfavourable, 

 generally speaking, as it is too hot and too dry during the flowering season. In con- 

 sequence, rose growing has scarcely extended there in recent times; in the sandjak 

 of Denislii, it only rose from 100 to 132 donums in the last three years, and in the 

 whole vilayet of A'fdin it comes now to about 400 donums. It never had the extent 

 of 5312 donums, mentioned in the official statistics, this figure having only been 

 arrived at by erroneously indicating ,5000 donums for the kasa of Bulladan district of 

 Denislii, where there are in reality only 28 donums of rose gardens. It is said that rose 



