48 



Report of Schimmel $ Co. April/October 1917. 



years. In a favourable situation, on good soil, and if a little care is bestowed on the 

 shrubs, these may last 20 to 25 years, when they must be replaced by new ones. 



The Anatolian rose fields have, it is true, not much to suffer from parasites, however, 

 if they are not treated properly, some diseases are to be noticed. The above men- 

 tioned "hafis" rose is said to excel by special hardiness, as it is not attacked by any 

 disease so to speak. The most disagreeable disease of the red Kazanlik rose is due 

 to a fungus attacking the roots and caused by excessive watering. Another disagree- 

 able parasite, it is said, is a green worm (most likely a grub living in the soil) which 

 gnaws the roots; its occurrence is favoured by warm soils, so that it is better not 

 to use horse manure, but cow manure. Mineral fertilizers are unknown. Sometimes, 

 the rose buds are destroyed by a beetle and the leaves eaten by caterpillars. Further- 



Fig. 1. Simple distilling plant (as per official "Manual"). 



more, the locusts, which in the last two years devastated quite specialty the chief 

 rose districts of Burdur and Isparta, have played havoc with the rose fields. But the 

 Government has, last year, created an organisation under German management and on 

 a large scale in order to combat this plague, so that it will probably be deprived 

 of its threatening character within 2 or 3 years 1 ). 



The harvest takes place from the middle of May up to the middle of June. The 

 yield depends largely upon the weather. As per verbal communications made to me 

 by rose farmers in the main districts, it oscillates with the red Kazanlik roses between 

 100 and 300 okas (1 oka =1282 grams) per donum, i.e. between 1400 and 4200 kilos 

 per hectare. According to the official book of instructions previously mentioned, the 

 yields of red Kazanlik roses ought to be of 150 okas in the first, up to 500 in the second 

 and afterwards up to 800 per donum, which would correspond to 2000, 7000 and 1 1000 kilos 

 per hectare; the latter figure appears to be rather largely exaggerated. On an average, 



x ) Comp. the author's treatise now under press in the Umschau and the Zeitschrift fur angewandte 

 Entomologie. 



