108 Report of Schimmel 8$ Co. April/October 1917. 



The largest part of the Saida oranges remains in the country, for they cannot 

 stand a long journey, owing to their being thin-skinned. In consequence, only smalt 

 quantities go to Constantinople, Odessa, Roumania and Liverpool, but fairly large quan- 

 tities of lemons. Tripoli exports oranges and lemons, about one half to Odessa, a 

 quarter to Constantinople and the remaining quarter to Salonica, Alexandria and Liver- 

 pool. The price in Tripoli was of late years about 8 to 10 fr. per case of 300 lemons 

 and 4 to 5 fr. per box of 250 oranges. 



The Jaffa oranges are partly exported by dealers, who buy them before they are 

 ripe, either at a lump sum for the whole crop of a plantation, or at a fixed price per 

 case. As the oranges ripen in November, but may remain on the trees up to March 

 or April without damage, the dealer has plenty of time for picking them. The Jewish 

 orange growers in the neighbourhood of Jaffa have formed two unions for the sale 

 of their produce, and the German ones have followed their example; but so far it has 

 been tried in vain to bring the Arabian owners of orange trees to act in a similar way. 



The union decides when and where the oranges of its members have to be sent. 

 Every member must put a certain mark on his cases, so that it is possible to give 

 each a special account of sales, thus rewarding them for the good condition of the 

 produce or making them responsible for bad quality. 



The production of volatile oils in the TJ. 8. A. — The industrial census 1 ) of the U. S. A. 

 for 1914 contains numerous figures regarding the essential oil industry, it being taken 

 into consideration, however, that they are not definite as yet 2 ). Information was given 

 by 108 works, whose production represented a value of $ 2565361, comprising essential 

 oils == $ 1289482, 917690 gallons of witch hazel extract 3 ) = $ 575938, and other pro- 

 ducts = $ 699941. The census for 1909 mentioned 74 works with a production worth 

 $ 1773304, of which $ 1 111805 represented essential oils, $ 419793 witch hazel extract 

 (691823 gallons), and #241706 the other products. In 1914, the total production amounted 

 to $ 792057 or 44.7 per cent, more than in 1909. These products do not include syn- 

 thetic or artificial oils, a considerable quantity of which is" manufactured, especially 

 artificial oil of wintergreen. For the year 1914 the production of two, and for 1909 

 that of six, works is mentioned, which in the main make other articles. 



Inclusive of by-products and of the oils manufactured for others, the total pro- 

 duction in 1914 was as follows: 363991 lbs. of peppermint oil to the value of $ 601617, 

 94209 lbs. of spearmint oil = # 238074, 41178 lbs. of sweet birch oil = $ 67691, 6000 lbs. 

 of wintergreen oil = $ 24538, 4702 lbs. of wormwood oil = $ 9040, and camphor, 

 cedar wood, clove, lemon, parsley, patchouly, pennyroyal, sandal wood, sassafras, 

 tansy oils, §c. to the value of $ 348522. In 1909, the output of essential oils of all 

 the factories amounted to: 305781 lbs. of peppermint oil = #519079, 33400 lbs. of 

 spearmint oil = $ 83283, 67053 lbs. of sweet birch oil = $ 102045, 22281 lbs. of winter- 

 green oil = $ 68983, 1989 (4989?) lbs. of wormwood oil = $ 9514, and other essential 

 oils to the value of #328901. 



The increase of the production of essential oils was 16 percent, in five years. 

 The increase of the production of peppermint oil was 19 per cent, in quantity and 

 15.9 percent, in value, that of the production of spearmint oil, 182.1 percent, in 

 quantity and 185.9 per cent, in value. There was a decrease of 38.6 per cent, in quan- 

 tity and 33.7 per cent, in value in the production of sweet birch oil and of 73.1 per cent. 



x ) Comp. Report April 1904, 106. — 2 ) Americ. Perfumer 11 (1916), 95. — 3 ) From Eamamelis virginiana, L.> 

 a shrub indigenous in the U. S. A., the bark and leaves of which are used for preparing an extract much esteemed 

 in America. It is employed against various complaints, but its efficacity seems to be rather problematical. 



