48 MISC. PUB. 190, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
(c) Scars, when causing roughness of the fruit 
texture to a greater degree than is permitted under 
the term “smooth” as required in the grade; or when 
the scars aifect the appearance of the fruit to a greater 
extent than the maximum of discoloration allowed 
in the grade. 
(d) Scale, when more than a few adjacent to the 
“button” at stem end, or when more than six seat- 
tered on other portions of the fruit. 
(e) Thorn scratches, when the injury is not slight, 
not well healed, or more unsightly than discoloration 
allowed in the grade. 
7. “ Discoloration’ means russeting of a light shade 
of golden brown caused by rust mite or other means. 
Lighter shades of russeting caused by superficial scars 
or other means may be allowed on a greater area, or 
darker shades may be allowed on a lesser area, pro- 
vided, no russeting caused by melanose or other means 
may affect the appearance of the fruit to a greater 
extent than the shade and amount of russeting allowed 
for the grade. 
8. “‘ Fairly well colored’? means that the yellow or 
orange color predominates over the green color on 
that part of the fruit which is not russeted. 
9. “Fairly smooth texture’ means that the skin 
is fairly thin and not coarse for the variety and size 
of fruit. 
10. “ Damage’ means any defect or injury which 
materially affects the appearance, edible, or shipping 
quality of the fruit. Any one of the following defects, 
or any combination thereof, the seriousness of which 
exceeds the maximum allowed for any one defect shall 
be considered as damage: 
(@) Ammoniation, when not occurring as light speck 
type similar to melanose. 
(6) Dryness, when extending into segments more 
than one fourth inch at the stem end, or more than 
the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when oecur- 
ring in other portions of the fruit. 
(c) Green spots, when more than seven in number, 
or when aggregating more than 1 inch in diameter. 
(d) Scab, when it cannot be classed as discoloration, 
or affects shape or texture. 
(e) Seale, when occurring as a ring or concen- 
trated blotch on oranges and varieties of the man- 
darin group when the average outside diameter is 
more than three fourths of an inch; or as more than 
one ring, or any ring or blotch on grapefruit when 
