2 MISC. PUB. 190, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
“Well trimmed” means that not more than one 
coarse outer branch is left on each side of the bulb to 
protect the tender inside portion, and the portion of 
the root remaining is not more than one half inch in 
length. Tops may be either full length or cut back to 
not less than 10 inches except that not more than 5 of 
the outer branches may be cut back to less than 10 
inches if necessary to facilitate proper packing, but 
not more than 38 of these may be on the same side of 
the bulb. 
“ Fairly weli blanched ’”’ means that the bulbs are of 
a light greenish to white color. 
“ Damage” means any injury which materially af- 
fects the appearance, or the edible, or the shipping 
quality of the stalk. Any of the following defects 
shall be considered as damage: 
(a) Growth cracks, when more than three branches 
show one or more growth cracks. 
(6) Pithy branches, when more than three branches 
show distinctly open texture with air spaces in the 
central portion of that part which goes to make up the 
base or bulbous portion of the stalk. 
(c) Wilting, when the stalk is limp and flabby. 
(d) Freezing, when the epidermis of the branches 
is badly blistered, or when the tops are brown or yel- 
low to such an extent as to materially damage the ap- 
pearance of the stalk, or when a combination of these 
causes material damage to the appearance and ship- 
Ping quality of the stalk. 
(e) Seed stems, which have reached the stage where 
the flower buds are plainly visible. Stalks from which 
the seed stems have been removed shall be considered 
as damaged. 
(f) Dirt, when caked on the bulbous portion of the 
stalk, or when present to such an extent on the tops 
and branches as to cause material damage to the 
appearance of the stalk. 
(g) Discoloration, when the bulbous portion shows 
extensive brown to dark-brown areas characteristic 
of injury caused by rough handling, or when the tops 
are yellow or brown to such an extent as to cause ma- 
terial damage to the appearance of the stalk. 
** Diameter ”’ means the smallest diameter measured 
through the center of the bulb at right angles to the 
longitudinal axis of the stalk. 
