94 MISC. PUB. 190, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
of the lettuce except defects affecting wrapper leaves 
as restricted under definitions of “ well trimmed”, 
“fairly well trimmed”, and “closely trimmed.’ The 
following shall be considered as damage: 
(a) Seed stems which are apparent upon external 
examination of the head. 
(6) Broken midribs, when more than two of the 
outer head leaves have the midribs broken in two 
because of abnormal growth conditions. 
(c) Freezing, when the head leaves show a brown 
discoloration over more than half of the crown, or 
when more than three of the outer head leaves show 
appreciable injury by freezing. 
(d) Dirt, when the head is smeared with mud, 
or when wrapper leaves are badly smeared with 
mud, or when the basal portion of the head is caked 
with mud or dry dirt. 
(€) Sunburn, when the head leaves show a brown 
discoloration over more than half of the crown of 
the head. 
(f) Aphis, when the head proper is infested, or 
when the wrapper leaves are badly infested. 
(g) Opening in hard or firm heads which have one- 
fourth or more of the head distinctly separated from 
the remainder, or any degree of opening in fairly firm 
heads. 
9. “Fairly well trimmed” means that the butt is 
trimmed off close to the point of attachment of the 
outer leaves; that wrapper leaves are free from 
serious injury by any cause; that, on heads of Ice- 
berg type lettuce, wrapper leaves do not exceed 10 in 
number ; not more than 6 of which may be excessively 
large and coarse such ag are characteristic of No. 6 
strain; and, provided further, that the outermost 
leaves of the head show some shade of green color on 
a part of the leaves. ‘“ Wrapper leaves” means all 
leaves which do not fairly closely enfold the compact 
portion of the head. Heads shall not be considered 
fairly well trimmed when the wrapper leaves show 
yellow or brown discoloration or brown margins to 
an extent that the appearance of the head is seriously 
injured. Any blistering except that causing yellow or 
brown discoloration which seriously affects the ap- 
pearance of the wrapper leaves or any tearing of 
wrapper leaves shall not be considered as serious 
injury. 
10. ‘‘ Closely trimmed” means that the head meets 
all requirements of “fairly well trimmed” except 
