104 MISC. PUB. 190, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
distinctly detract from the appearance of the lot. 
In this connection the number of stained onions per- 
mitted will depend upon the natural color of the 
onions and upon the degree of staining on individual 
onions. In a lot of yellow onions, 20 percent may 
be not more than appreciably stained before the lot 
is considered damaged but when the onions are badly 
stained not more than 95 percent shall be permitted. 
In a lot of white onions 15 percent may be not more 
than appreciably stained, but not over 5 percent may 
be badly stained. These percentages are given as a 
guide in determining whether or not a lot is out of 
grade on account of “damage by dirt” and they 
shall be in addition to the 5-percent tolerance allowed 
for other defects. 
(4) ‘Damage by tops:” In considering this factor 
the appearance of the lot of onions as a whole should 
be_ considered. While all onions should be trimmed 
to less than 2 inches there are often some that have 
been cut with tops a little longer. However, any lot 
of onions having more than 20 percent of onions with 
tops over 2 inches in length shall be considered as 
damaged. This percentage is given only as a guide 
and it may be reduced if the tops are very long. 
For example, not more than 10 percent of onions 
may have tops longer than 5 inches. 
UNITED STATES STANDARDS FOR CALI- 
FORNIA ORANGES 
(Effective Oct. 28, 1929) 
GRADES 
U.S. Faney shall consist of oranges of similar 
varietal characteristics which are mature, well 
colored, firm, well formed, of smooth texture for the 
variety, free from decay, bruises, split navels, any 
indication of freezing injury, spray burn or fumi- 
gation injury, ammoniation, growth cracks, cuts 
which are not healed, from injury caused by rough 
and excessively wide or protruding navels, creasing, 
sears, scale, sunburn, dirt or other foreign materials, 
disease, insects, or mechanical or other means, and 
from damage caused by dryness and thorns. 
U.S. No. 1 shall consist of oranges of similar varie- 
tal characteristics which are mature, well colored, 
