STANDARDS FOR FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 119 
Dark-brown discoloration or excessive roughness 
caused by limb rubs which exceeds an area of one 
half inch in diameter in the aggregate. 
Slightly rough light-colored discoloration caused 
by limb rubs which exceeds an area of more than 
three fourths inch in diameter in the aggregate. 
Smooth light-colored discoloration caused by limb 
rubs which exceeds an area of more than 1 inch in 
diameter in the aggregate. 
(c) Hail marks, drought spots, blister mite or 
ecanker-worm injury, or other similar depressions or 
scars which are not Shallow or superficial or where 
the injury affects an area of more than three eighths 
inch in diameter in the aggregate. 
(d@) Sunburn or spray burn where the skin is 
blistered or cracked or the normal color of the skin 
is materially changed, except that spray burn of a 
russet character shall be considered under the defi- 
nition of russeting (6a). 
(e) Hard end if the pear shows a distinctly con- 
Stricted protrusion at the blossom end. The flesh 
of ripe pears so affected will be hard or woody 
around the calyx. 
(f) Black end where the spots cover an aggregate 
area of more than one fourth inch in diameter. 
(g) Disease. 
Scab spots which are black and which affect an area 
of more than one eighth inch in diameter in the aggre- 
gate, except that scab spots of a russet character shall 
be considered under the definition of russeting (6a). 
7. “Serious damage” means any injury or defect 
which seriously affects the appearance, edible or ship- 
ping quality . 
(a@) Russeting which exceeds the following shall be 
considered as serious damage: 
ExcesSively rough russeting (russeting which 
shows “frogging” or cracking) which affects an 
area of more than three fourths inch in diameter in 
the aggregate. 
Any one of the following defects or any combination 
thereof, the seriousness of which exceeds the maxi- 
mum allowed for any one defect shall be considered 
as serious damage: 
(6) Excessively rough limb rubs or dark-brown or 
black discoloration caused by limb rubs which exceeds 
an area of more than three fourths inch in diameter 
in the aggregate. 
