STANDARDS FOR FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 147 
the necks are soft and flabby, and that seed stems, 
if present, are not excessively coarse or fibrous. 
“Well blanched” means that the shallots have a 
clear white color (not tinged with green) from a 
point on the neck at least 4 inches from the roots. 
“Fairly well blanched” means that the shallots 
have a clear white color (not tinged with green) 
from a point on the neck at least 24% inches from the 
roots. 
‘Reasonably well blanched” means that the shal- 
lots have a clear white color *(not tinged with green) 
from a point on the neck at least 1% inches from the 
roots. 
“Damage” means any injury or defect which 
materially affects the appearance or the edible or 
shipping quality. The tops of shallots are some- 
times cut off or pinched back to remove discolored or 
otherwise injured leaves. In the U.S. Fancy grade 
such plants shall be considered as damaged when 
they show more than two cut or clipped leaves. 
“Serious damage’ means that the shallots are 
injured to such an extent that the appearance is 
seriously affected. Shallots which show more than 
half of the leaves cut back, broken, or badly bruised 
shall be regarded as seriously damaged. 
“Fresh and green” means that the tops are not 
badly wilted; and are of the normal green color 
characteristic of healthy plants, not showing a light- 
green color characteristic of continued growth after 
harvesting. 
“Well trimmed” means that the shallots are free 
from dead, discolored, or loose outer skins; that 
clusters are separated so that not more than two 
shallots shall be attached to each other, and that 
individual shallots are not broken above the point of 
root attachment. 
UNITED STATES STANDARDS FOR SPINACH ® 
(Effective Sept. 4, 1931) 
GRADES 
U.S. No. 1 shall consist of spinach plants of similar 
varietal characteristics which are well grown, well 
trimmed, free from decay, and from damage caused by 
6° These grades do not apply to the so-called “‘ New Zealand 
spinach,” 
