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STANDARDS FOR FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 149 
coarse stalks that would cause more than 10 percent 
waste, shall be considered as damaged. ‘ Stalks” 
refer to the central stalks of the plants and not to 
the leaf stems. Plants which have small dried. 
withered, or slightly yellowed leaves at the base of 
the plant shall not be considered as damaged unless 
the general appearance of the plant or of the lot as 
a whole is materially affected. 
‘Seriously damaged” means any defect or injury 
which severely affects the appearance or the edible 
or shipping quality. Seriously damaged plants include 
the following: 
(1) Plants which are badly affected by discolored 
leaves. 
(2) Plants which are severely affected by mildew. 
(3) Plants which are noticeably affected by insects. 
(4) Plants which are affected by decay. 
UNITED STATES STANDARDS FOR FRESH 
SPINACH FOR CANNING 
(Effective Apr. 10, 1931) 
GRADES 
U.S. No. 1 shall consist of spinach which is free 
-from decay, grass, weeds, yellow leaves, roots, and 
worms, and from damage caused by mildew, seed 
stems, seed buds, coarse stalks, wood, muck chips, 
insects, dirt, or other foreign material. 
In order to allow for variations incident to proper 
handling, the following tolerances shall be es tee 
for grade defects: 
For decay, grass, small weeds, and yellow leaves, 
not more than 15 pieces are permitted in a 100-ounce 
sample. 
For damage by wood, muck chips, or other hard 
foreign material, no tolerance is permitted. 
For roots, large weeds, and damage by mildew, 
seed stems, seed buds, coarse stalks, insects, dirt or 
other foreign material, not more than 5 ounces are 
permitted in a 100-ounce sample. 
No tolerance is permitted for worms. 
U.S. No. 2 shall consist of spinach which meets all 
the requirements of U.S. No. 1 grade except that the 
following tolerances shall be permitted for grade 
defects : 
