162 MISC. PUB. 190, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
UNITED STATES STANDARDS FOR BUNCHED 
TURNIPS 
(Effective Aug. 9, 1927) 
GRADES 
U.S. No. 1 shall consist of turnips of similar varietal 
characteristics which are firm, fairly smooth, free 
from decay and from damage caused by growth cracks, 
dirt, disease, insects, or mechanical or other means. 
The tops shall be fresh and either full size or cut 
back to not less than 6 inches in length. Unless 
otherwise specified the minimum diameter shall be 
134 inches. 
In order to allow for variations incident to proper 
grading and handling, not more than 5 percent, by 
count, of any lot may be below the specified minimum 
diameter. In addition, not more than 5 percent, by 
count, of any lot may be below the remaining require- 
ments of this grade but not more than one fifth of 
this amount, or 1 percent shail be allowed for decay. 
Unclassified shall consist of turnips which are not 
graded in conformity with the foregoing grade. 
SIZE TERMS 
The following terms are provided for describing the 
diameters of any lot: Small means less than 214 
inches; medium means 24 to 3144 inches, inclusive; 
large means over 314 inches. 
BUNCHING 
Bunches shall be fairly uniform in size. 
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS 
As used in these grades: 
“ Damage” means any injury which materially 
affects the appearance of the lot or causes appreciable 
waste in the ordinary preparation for use. | 
“Diameter” means the greatest dimension of the 
root taken at right angles to the longitudinal axis. 
“Firm” means that the turnips are not soft, flabby, 
or shriveled. 
“Fresh’’ means that tops of turnips are not badly 
wilted and are practically free from discolored or 
decayed leaves. 
