164 MISC. PUB. 190, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
sects, or mechanical or other means. (See Size 
Explanation. ) 
In order to allow fae variations incident to proper 
grading and handling, not more than 10 percent, by 
weight, of the turnips or rutabagas in any con- 
tainer ® may be below the requirements of this grade, 
but not more than one fifth of this amount or 2 
percent shall be allowed for turnips or rutabagas 
affected by soft rot. 
Unclassified shall consist of turnips or rutabagas 
which do not conform to the requirements of the 
foregoing grade. 
SIZE EXPLANATION 
In view of the size variations in different pro- 
ducing sections and because of market demands for 
turnips and rutabagas of various sizes, it is not 
considered advisable to require a minimum size in 
the grade. Shippers in some of the northern-pro- 
ducing districts find the best market outlets for 
rutabagas ranging from 3% to 7 inches in diameter. 
In the Pacific Northwest producers find the best 
demand for rutabagas ranging from 2% to 414 inches. 
Turnips from the Southern States range from about 
1%, to 3% inches. It is therefore suggested that a 
minimum diameter or a range in diameters be speci- 
fied in connection with the grade as “U.S. No. 1, 
314 inches minimum”, “U.S. No. 1, 21%4 to 5 inches”, 
in accordance with the facts. 
In order to allow for variations incident to proper 
sizing, not more than 15 percent, by weight, of the 
turnips or rutabagas in any container® may vary 
from any specified size but not more than one third 
of this amount, or 5 percent,.shall be allowed for 
turnips or rutabagas that are below any specified 
minimum size. 
8 Application of tolerances: The tolerances specified for 
the grades are placed on a container basis. However, any 
lot of turnips or rutabagas shall be considered as meeting the 
requirements of the grade if the entire lot averages within 
the tolerances specified, provided that the defects in any 
container based on sample inspection do not exceed the fol- 
lowing amounts: For specified tolerances of over 5 percent, 
not more than 1% times the tolerance shall be allowed for 
any 1 container. For specified tolerances of 5 percent or 
less, not more than double the tolerance shall be allowed for 
any 1 container. 
