THE FLIES THAT CAUSE MYIASIS IN MAN 85 



literature. Consequently, statements concerning the biology and the 

 role as a parasite must depend upon the correctness of the identifica- 

 tions. 



LUCILIA ILLUSTRIS (Meigen) 



Synonymy. — This species has been confused with L. caesar, and much of the 

 literature in the name of that species really refers to illustris. 



Recognition Characters. — Adult : This is a bluish-green species ; the wings 

 are hyaline; there are two pairs of postsutural acrosticals, the anterior pair being 

 farther forward than the middle pair of postsutural dorsocentrals. The females 

 are difficult to distinguish from L. caesar, but the males have a smaller hypopyg- 

 ium which is not so strongly shining, and the anterior forceps are simple at the 

 end. The frontalia in the male are evident for their entire length, or at most only 

 briefly evanescent. Length, 6-9 mm. Larva : The mature larva has a heavily 

 pigmented area below the posterior end of the ventral horn of the cephalo- 

 pharyngeal skeleton ; the posterior spiracles are comparatively large and heavily 

 pigmented; the peritreme is prominent, with well developed inward projections 

 between the outer and middle slits. 



Geographical Distribution. — Nearctic Region : Alaska, Yukon, Prince Edward 

 Island, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Co- 

 lumbia, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Con- 

 necticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Caro- 

 lina, Georgia, Mississippi, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, 

 Missouri, South Dakota, Kansas, Texas, Montana, Idaho, Colorado, Utah, New 

 Mexico, Washington, Oregon, California. Neotropical Region : Mexico. Palae- 

 arctic Region : Scotland, England, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Ger- 

 many, Czechoslovakia, Rumania, Bulgaria, Russia (north to Moscow), China, 

 Manchuria, Japan. Oriental Region : India, Burma. Australian Region : Queens- 

 land, New Zealand. 



Biology and Pathogenesis. — The larva is sometimes found in excre- 

 ment and garbage, but it most frequently occurs in carrion. It is nor- 

 mally a scavenger, but, if the identifications are correct, it occasionally 

 becomes parasitic. Hall (4$) cites Kingscote's report of larvae of this 

 species killing young foxes by a subdermal myiasis. Human cases re- 

 ported include myiasis of an open wound in the leg of a man in Sas- 

 katchewan, Canada, and myiasis of an ulcer on the side of the head 

 of a man in Philadelphia. 



PHAENICIA CUPRINA (Wiedemann) 



Synonyms. — Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) ; Lucilia argi/ricephala Macquart. 

 Some records of Phaenicia sericata belong to this species. 



Recognition Characters. — Adult : This is a metallic-green tly, usually with 

 coppery reflections, although a bright-green phase may occur in widely separated 

 parts of its range. The parafrontals of the female may be bare on the lower 

 half or may have five scattered hairs in not more than two irregular rows. On 

 the abdominal sternites of the male are tufts of hair which are much longer than 

 that of the rest of the abdomen. There is one anterodorsal bristle on the middle 

 tibia. Length, 6-8 mm. Larva: The larva, according to Fuller (///, p. 82) is 

 similar to that of L. sericata; the antennae are much less obvious, and the pos- 

 terior spiracles differ in having a thicker peritreme, shorter and broader slits, 

 and a more rounded shape. 



Geographical Distribution. — Oriental Region: India, Chagos Islands, Singa- 

 pore, Burma, French Indochina, Sumatra, Timor. Ethiopian Region : French 

 Guinea, Italian Somaliland, Belgian Congo, Uganda, Kenya. Southern Rhodesia, 

 Cape of Good Hope, Madagascar, Seychelles, Mauritius, Cargadoes Islands. 

 Australian Region: Western Australia, Queensland, Canberra, New South Wales, 

 Victoria, New Hebrides, Fiji, Hawaiian Islands. 



Biology and Pathogenesis. — This species is primarily a scavenger, 



although in some parts of the world, notably Australia! the parasitic 

 habit has become strongly developed. The eggs hatch within a day's 



