THE FLIES THAT CAUSE MYIASIS IN MAX 87 



of Good Hope. Australian Region : Western Australia, South Australia, Queens- 

 land, Canberra, New South Wales. Victoria, New Zealand, New Hebrides < Espiritu 

 Santo Island), Wake Island, Hawaiian Islands. 



Biology and Pathogenesis. — The female deposits her eg^s in a 

 mass on or near the food substance. Sometimes two or more females 

 may produce composite masses on the same wound, and such aggregate 

 masses may contain thousands of eggs. The larva undergoes three 

 molts: after a feeding period of iy 2 to dy 2 days, it seeks a favorable 

 place in the soil to pupate. Development is more rapid under warmer 

 conditions, and under unfavorable circumstances pupation may be sus- 

 pended for months. Probably as many as eight annual generations 

 may occur in localities where breeding is continuous throughout the 

 year. Hibernation takes place chiefly in the larval stage. 



The common breeding medium is carrion, although larvae have been 

 reared from manure and from garbage. This species is frequently 

 attracted to ill-smelling sores and soiled wool, and is one of the princi- 

 pal sheep-maggot flies in the British Isles, South Africa, and New 

 Zealand. It has also been known to attack man in Europe, Africa. 

 and Asia, and may produce a serious form of wound myiasis. The 

 young larvae feed near the surface, but older larvae may bore deeply 

 into healthy tissue. Onorato (96) records cases of infestation of the 

 ear and sinuses which were not previously diseased. Other cases of 

 auricular myiasis have been recorded. The virulence of different 

 strains varies. A Chinese strain is said to be particularly serious, 

 whereas in America this species seems to confine its attacks to diseased 

 tissue; in fact, it is the species most commonly used in wound therapy. 

 Records of this species in enteric myiasis have been published, but 

 they should not be accepted without further substantiation. 



The literature on this species is voluminous. 



The Genus CYNOMYOPSIS Townsend 



This is a genus of moderately large, metallic-blue flies. The eyes 

 are bare; there is no facial carina; the parafacials are setose on the 

 upper part ; the arista is long haired above and below as far as the 

 apical third or fourth, the cilia, however, being somewhat shorter 

 below than above; the male lacks reclinate fronto-orbitals. The 

 lower squama is rather wide, pilose above, and truncate posteriorly; 

 there are two postsutural acrosticals and three lateroscutellars. 



CYNOMYOPSIS CADAVERINA (Robineau-Desvoidy) 



Synonym. — Cynomya (or Cy?u>myia) cadavcrinn Robineau-Desvoidy. 



Recognition Characters. — Adult : The head is black above, covered with dense 

 silvery to brownish pollen; the face and anterior parts of the cheeks are yellow- 

 ish to reddish brown; the thorax is bluish black; the abdomen is shining blue 

 green, with pollen visible only from behind. Length, <)-14 mm. Larva: In the 

 mature larva the anterior spiracle terminates in 7 to Id, usually 8. fingerlike 

 processes; the posterior spiracle is somewhat pear-shaped, with a moderately 

 thick peritreme. 



Geographical Distribution. — Nearctic Region : Greenland. Alaska, Yukon, 

 Northwest Territories (Baffin Island. Southampton Island). Labrador. Now 

 Brunswick, Quebec (north to Akipatok Island in Ungava Bay). Ontario. Mani- 

 toba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, Maine, New Hampshire. Massa- 

 chusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 

 Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina. Georgia, 

 Louisiana. Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Minnesota. Wisconsin. Iowa. Missouri. 

 North Dakota, South Dakota, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas. Montana, Idaho, Colo- 



