Bottom-land and swamp hardwoods. — Hardwoods constitute 

 at least 75 percent of the board-foot volume in sawlog-size 

 stands and at least 75 percent of the dominant and codom- 

 inant trees in under-sawlog-size stands. This type is char- 

 acteristic of the larger stream bottoms and of swamps, bays, 

 and branch heads. 



Upland hardwoods. — Hardwoods constitute at least 75 per- 

 cent of the board-foot volume in sawlog-size stands and at 

 least 75 percent of the dominant and codominant trees in 

 under-sawlog-size stands. This type is found in the rolling 

 uplands. 



Scrub oak — scrub hardwoods. — Scrubby or stunted oaks and 

 hardwoods that have come in after fire or cutting char- 

 acterize this type, which usually occupies areas in the rolling 

 uplands originally stocked with longleaf pine. If these 

 areas show promise of coming back to pine, they are so 

 classified. 



Cypress — tupelo. — Cypress and tupelos constitute at least 

 75 percent of the board-foot volume in sawlog-size stands 

 and at least 75 percent of the dominant and codominant 

 trees in under-sawlog-size stands. 



Topographic Situations 



Flatwoods. — Low, flat topography with resulting poor 

 drainage; the soils are generally sandy and usually support 

 a stand of mixed pines. 



Rolling uplands. — Rolling or hilly topography, with well- 

 drained, light soils. 



Swamps, bays, ponds, and branch heads. — These topographic 

 situations are grouped because of the similarity in their 

 physical features and in the timber species they support. 

 They are low, wet, poorly drained areas, frequently under 

 water, supporting such key species as cypress, black, swamp, 

 and water tupelos, pines, and mixed hardwoods of minor 

 importance. 



River bottoms. — These are the bottom lands along the 

 larger stream courses where a bottom-land hardwood asso- 

 ciation occurs usually admixed more or less with pine. 

 The bottoms generally are well drained but may be subject 

 to inundation. The soils, of alluvial origin, usually are silt 

 loam, sandy loam, or clay loam. 



Forest Conditions 



Old-growth uncut. — Old-growth stands from which less than 

 10 percent of the volume has been cut. 



Old-growth partly cut. — Old-growth stands from which 10 

 percent or more of the volume has been cut, but in which 

 the remaining old-growth sawlog-size timber contains per 

 acre at least 1,000 board feet of hardwood, or 600 board 

 feet of pine or hardwood and pine mixed. 



Second-growth sawlog-size uncut. — Second-growth stands 

 from which less than 10 percent of the sawlog-size trees 

 have been cut, and in which the remaining saw timber 

 contains at least 600 board feet per acre. 



Second-growth sawlog-size partly cut. — Second-growth stands 

 from which at least 10 percent of the sawlog-size trees 

 have been cut, but in which the remaining saw timber 

 contains at least 400 board feet per acre. 



Second-growth under-sawlog-size. — Second-growth stands 

 composed predominantly of under-sawlog-size trees at 

 least 1.0 inch in diameter at breast height (d. b. h.). In A 



uncut stands the saw timber present contains less than 600 ^ 



board feet per acre. In partly cut stands there is less 

 than 400 board feet of saw timber per acre. 



Reproduction. — Areas not falling into any of the other 

 classifications and bearing per acre more than 80 seedlings 

 less than 1.0 inch d. b. h. 



Clear-cut. — Cut-over areas on which an insufficient quan- 

 tity of young growth has come in or been left for them to 

 be classified either as second growth or as reproduction. 



Turpentine Area Classifications 



Round timber area. — Areas made up almost entirely of 

 unturpentined longleaf and slash pine stands, ranging from 

 reproduction to old growth. 



Working area. — Areas on which trees are being chipped. 

 May be further classified as front-faced if the trees are cupped 

 for their first set of faces, or back-faced if a significant portion 

 has a second set of faces. 



Resting area. — Areas which have been worked in the past 

 and which exhibit sufficient opportunities for a second set 

 of faces on worked trees and for a first set of faces on round 

 trees to justify further operations. 



Worked-out area. — Areas on which the worked trees are 

 still standing but the turpentining possibilities of the area 

 have been exhausted. 



Turpentine Tree Conditions 



Round. — Longleaf and slash pine trees that have never 

 been worked for naval stores. 



Working. — Longleaf and slash pine trees that are being 

 worked for naval stores. 



Front-faced {or front-cupped). — Longleaf and slash pine 

 trees on which a first face is being worked. 



Back-faced {or back-cupped). — Longleaf and slash pine trees 

 on which at least one turpentine face has already been 

 worked and on which a back (second, third, etc.) face is 

 being worked. 



Resting. — Previously worked longleaf and slash pine trees 

 that are resting prior to the working of back faces. 



Worked-out. — Longleaf and slash pine trees on which as 

 many faces have been worked as the trees will stand. 

 These trees have served their purpose in the production of 

 naval stores and are available for other uses. 



Species-Groups 



Pines. — Turpentine: Longleaf and slash pines. Non- 

 turpentine: Loblolly, shortleaf, pond, sand, and spruce 

 pines, and eastern redcedar {Juniperus virginiana). B 



Hardwoods. — Soft-textured: Sweetgum {Liquidambar styra- 

 ciflua), black, swamp, and water tupelos, southern sweetbay ^ 



{Magnolia virginiana australis), red maple {Acer rubrum), south- ^P 



ern magnolia {Magnolia grandiflora), and associated minor 

 species. Firm- textured: Oaks {Quercus spp.), ash {Fraxinus 



