of the primary concerns of planning agencies in 
Michigan today. 
Agricultural Posstbtlitees 
According to the 1935 Agricultural Census there 
are 16,081 farms in the Upper Peninsula. This 
number is 2,994 greater than in 1930 and 3,764 
greater than in 1920. ‘The average farm contains 
90 acres, including 31 acres of cropland, 41 acres 
of woods, and 18 acres of other land. Thus, only 
13.7 percent of the land area of the Peninsula is in 
farms. 
Distance from markets, a short growing season, 
and scarcity of first-class agricultural soils place 
limits on the possibilities of the area for commercial- 
farming development. No doubt many of the 
present partially developed farms by additional 
clearing and better selection of crops can be made 
more self-sufficient, and some new units can be 
established; but development of this kind must 
necessarily be slow. 
Supplementing farming with other occupations 
offers greater possibilities for expansion, provided 
sufficient outside work can be found. More than 
half of the farmers obtained a part of their income 
from outside work in 1935, according to the Agri- 
cultural Census. Mixed farming and forestry is 
natural for many of the nationality groups in the 
Upper Peninsula, while others are accustomed to 
working in the mines during parts of the year. 
Road work, trucking, running a store or cabin 
camp, guiding fishermen, and other part-time 
jobs are available to many settlers. 
To permit appreciable expansion in part-time 
farming, however, a degree of permanence must 
be secured in the other basic industries of the region, 
such as mining and forestry. 
Logging and Forest Industries 
Although large-scale lumbering has declined 
greatly in recent years, it is probable that almost 
as many men are employed now in forest activities 
as when pine logging was at its height. Many 
small industries have come in, and work on public 
forests has expanded greatly. 
According to the mill-to-mill canvass made by 
the Forest Survey (summarized in table 2), more 
than 3 million man-days of employment in woods 
TaBLe 2.—Production and employment in forest industries in 
Upper Peninsula of Michigan, 1934 
Normal annual 
Production ! employment 
in— Mills 
Industry or product | report- 
S ' ing 
Norma : 
Actual Anal Woods2| Mill 
M M | 1,000 | 1,000 
board board man- man- | Num- 
Industry: feet feet days days ber 
Savy] See ee ete 217, 100 /380, 700 581 718 221 
Veneer mills_____ be ee 2,000 | 4, 200 9 27 3 
Wooden-container mills | 7,100 | 9, 800 20 72 4 
Miscellaneous wooden- 
product industries 4___| 10,500 | 21, 500 43 124 3 
Cords | Cords 
Hardwood distillation_-_|109, 500 |250, 000 250 221 5 
Pulp mills_-.__----------|158, 000 |178, 000 250 195 5 
1,000 1,000 
pieces | pieces 
Bathijmlils|se sass 2 sees Su S00M|ONOO OM Beeee sae 5 22 
Shingle) millsae2s252-22 5 13, 600 | 40, 600 10 20 17 
Mota c2 se. sae ee Be A Ree a 1, 163 1, 382 280 
board | board 
Rough products: feet feet 
Mine timbers_______---- 23,400 | 44, 900 QO |e aso ees 
Piling es Sa Ee 600 600 ON Mee Se eeph eae eo 
Cabin} poles#22. 2222222. 1, 700 1, 700 AS | See | Wana 
Cords | Cords 
Mine poles and lagging _| 12,900 | 24, 900 
Hueliwoodseas22 eens 712,400 |712, 400 
Miscellaneous cordwood®| 3,500 | 3, 500 
1,000 1,000 
pieces | pieces ) 
Hewed ties__-_.__-_---_- 191 265 26}1| esas seen yeas 
Poles? seats ues eh eeeree 142 314 AT LEU es Seas See 
IR OSS ees a a ere ny 3 4 100); |b2 se. 224 Sees 
M M 
: board | board 
Logs shipped out: feet feet 
Sawlogs#s 2225. sees 14, 300 | 14, 300 P48) ence aed (Ces Seth 
Veneenlorsans teem sass 1,700 | 8,800 22) | See S| eee 
Others ogsiiaea seers 7,900 | 8,600 Ay fill este | Se oe 
Cords | Cords 
Pulpwood_.______- _---|3806, 400 |323, 500 AQ Ties Soe oe Ronee 
Excelsior bolts____---_-- 10, 200 | 10, 600 EL Gi | 2s Ste ah | aan 
Hs Ro} 21) CEE ape ie ee ee ae a 1932 hes See | ee 
AID ROGUCESS: Se Sas = Pec Op | eRe ar | eee eee 3, 095 1, 382 280 
1 Consumption rather than production figures are given for veneer, 
wooden-container, distillation, pulp, and miscellaneous industries. 
2 Figures are based on average rates of woods employment (including 
employment in transportation) per unit of product. 
3 Berry boxes, cheese boxes, and other veneer containers. 
4 Handles, bowls, clothespins, brush backs, etc. 
5 Estimated on basis of partial reports and Bureau of the Census 
records. 
6 Rough bridge material, car stakes, ete. 
7 For wooden-container mills and miscellaneous wooden-product 
industries. 
work is provided by the lumbering and other forest 
industries and in the preparation of rough forest 
products. Public agencies normally employ from 
