feet are in 14-inch or larger trees in stands of 
2,000 board feet or more per acre. 
Pulpwood 
The total volume of 6 principal pulping species 
in the Upper Peninsula is approximately 40 million 
cords (table 7), including 31 percent of all the 
spruce, 43 percent of all the balsam fir, and 67 
percent of all the hemlock found in the Lake 
States. This volume, however, is not all available 
for use as pulpwood. ‘The 10% million cords listed 
as “‘other material” consists of wood too small or 
rough to pass as standard pulpwood under present 
specifications, and also includes cull in saw-timber 
The sawlog material may be used as pulp- 
wood but much will probably be used for other 
products. Only about 11 million cords has been 
classified as standard pulpwood below sawlog size. 
trees. 
TasLe 7.—Volume of pulpwood timber in the Upper Peninsula, by 
species, 1935 
| 
F In tops 
Species arena one fone ata wakes 
imbs 
M cords | M cords | M cords | M cords | M cords 
Sprucesiae Sees = 2, 213 2, 135 500 431 5, 279 
Balsam fir-<----__- 1, 333 3, 134 500 739 5, 706 
Jackapiness2ese a= 134 336 40 104 614 
Hemlock_-_-------- 13, 120 1, 081 1, 200 6, 786 22, 187 
‘Ramaracks=ssss=== 147 305 60 48 560 
ASPeNese see. a sata 1, 294 1, 497 210 2, 639 5, 640 
Totalaessse—= 18, 241 8, 488 2, 510 10, 747 39, 986 
Chemical Wood 
Michigan has been one of the leading producers 
of charcoal and wood chemicals, and there is a 
considerable local demand for wood suitable for 
this use. The inventory shows nearly 27 million 
cords of maple, yellow birch, and beech (table 8) 
TasLe 8.—Cordwood volume of timber in the Upper Peninsula 
commonly used for chemical distillation, by species, 1935 
Trees 
Snecies Saw-tim- | below saw- Total 
cle ber trees! | timber volume 
size 
M cords M cords M cords 
Sugarmapless Sula ena 9, 300 4, 434 13, 734 
Soft maples_-_-_ Caen Es eee 1, 170 2, 390 3, 560 
Bello WwADILCH a see ea eae 5, 200 2, 480 7, 680 
Beech. 2. 23 2=422 eee 1, 340 500 1, 840 
Totale= a ore es 17, 010 9, 804 26, 814 
1 Tops, limbs, and cull logs. 
14 
exclusive of sawlogs. Of this volume, about 10 
million cords is in small sound trees which should 
not be cut, but 17 million cords is sawlog cull or 
tops and limbs of saw-timber trees which can be 
used whenever the saw timber is cut. Approxi- 
mately two-thirds of this volume is in the western 
half of the Peninsula, while most of the chemical 
plants are in the central or eastern portion. 
White-cedar Poles and Posts 
The Forest Survey estimate for white-cedar 
poles in the Upper Peninsula is nearly 21 million, 
of which 71.3 percent are 25 feet or less in length 
and only 12.1 percent are 35 feet or longer (table 
9). The white-cedar inventory also includes more 
than 91% million round posts and 94 million cubic 
feet of other piece products. The Upper Peninsula 
has 41 percent of all round ‘“‘cedar’’ fence posts 
and 50 percent of all the “‘cedar’’ poles standing 
in the Lake States. 
Cull-tree Volume 
In addition to the volume in merchantable trees 
estimated, there is a cull-tree volume of 12,320,000 
cords. Of little immediate value commercially, 
this material nevertheless is available for firewood, 
low-grade pulpwood, or distillation wood. Approxi- 
mately 69 percent of the cull-tree volume is found 
in the northern hardwood type, 14 percent in the 
spruce-fir, 5 percent in aspen, 5 percent in “‘cedar”’ 
swamps, and the rest scattered throughout the 
other types. Not quite half (48 percent) of this 
volume is in old-growth stands, 16 percent is in 
second-growth stands, 15 percent is in cordwood, 
and 21 percent on restocking and deforested areas. 
Taste 9.—White-cedar products in the Upper Peninsula, 1935 
Product Number | Volume 
1,000 1,000 
pieces | cubic feet 
(ROUNnG posts Saes 2 a= aes eet ee 91, 325 145, 000 
Poles (by length): 
20ifeetiorless-22=- = 5-2-2 5 Se eS ee 83272; |-aeee 
25ifeet see <2 2 ae ee ee 653599) | Re aeee ee 
S0ifectate- 2220 5 See Bee Se 3465) 22 eee 
SOM CCU ssw esa ae eae we ene ac maa walnice seme 1 S620|eaee ese 
40 feetas = Ji ok) es et Sa ee eee 443.8222 see 
45ifeeti 22 =a sis ae eee eae 228} ||L2ee2Secee 
Motalpoles!=* 25-50 6a oa eee eee 20, 869 224, 000 
Otheripiecejproducts:taee= ee are | eee 94, 000 
A EDTOdUCtS Seas snes nee ee aaa 3. SSE ees | SeScaeeee 463, 000 
1 Material suitable for ties, shingles, lagging. 
