duction during 1938 and 1939 again declined, but 
the normal production figure fixed at 380 million 
board feet of lumber and sawed ties seems reason- 
able for normal business conditions. 
Cordwood 
Of the 1% million cords of merchantable non- 
sawlog material cut or destroyed annually in the 
Upper Peninsula forests, about 340,000 cords is 
used for pulpwood, 181,000 cords for fuel wood, and 
62,000 cords for distillation wood. Some is used 
for mine poles and lagging and some for various 
minor products, but more than half of the total 
volume is wasted. It is left in the woods in the 
form of tops, long butts, cull logs, or is destroyed 
by fires, insects, and other destructive agencies. 
In addition to the cordwood in merchantable 
trees, about 541,000 cords is cut from cull trees or 
other unmerchantable material. Three-fourths of 
this is used for fuel, but appreciable quantities are 
utilized as distillation wood, pulpwood, and mine 
timbers. 
Total Volume of Merchantable Wood 
Total present annual drain of all kinds of mer- 
chantable timber is 247.2 million cubic feet. 
The proportion going into various products is as 
follows: 
Percent 
erME EL aiears) oye ais atencieteiare:o, ate. oc fuse sielo esis cic 23 
HI RYNCIG lem omae a coegumouncocaun Goce 15 
TELSTe P0670" a De ee oe ee aa eae 9 
PUPS Es G00 N 2a 5 ONE ee rage oe sit whmy'= 2 oo Som se ree Oa ogee 5 
Nerd ATIDEES 4.5 iontaue Siecieis © a's = chee aces 3 
LVS SA cectene WE 0 ee RE ae ane eee 2, 
LEGS Sine Se chai Coo OA OC Tee ee eee 2, 
WiisccaneOUs/PEOMUCtss.. 2 sa. se) ac ls tore 5 
ery PIN paw ASG Sette cal hese aVar= stole ss Siete 25 
Bre eINISECIS CLG aan Paes aya sso os ae, ays wies = hse 11 
GG) Fla ee ale res co eee ea 100 
Annual Increment and Drain Compared 
Little can be learned by lump-sum comparisons 
of current drain with either current growth or the 
estimated allowable cut under good management. 
Without consideration of the species and kinds of 
timber being cut and the methods of cutting, such 
comparisons would be meaningless. A summary 
of 1935 volume and estimates for the decade 
1940-49 of the annual increment and allowable 
17 
and actual drain, by species and kind of timber, 
are given in table 13. 
Pine 
Three-fourths of the white and red pine saw- 
timber volume is in large trees in sawlog stands 
(table 21, Appendix). Most is in small patches 
intermingled with northern hardwood or swamp 
forest. About 60 percent of the current increment, 
however—17.9 million board feet out of a total of 
29.6 million—is on cordwood and restocking lands 
(table 24, Appendix). To protect and stimulate 
Taste 13.—Volume (1935) and increment and allowable and 
normal actual drain for certain products and species groups, as 
estimated for 1940-49 
SAW TIMBER (IN MILLION BOARD FEET) 
7 Annual | Allow- | Normal 
Species ese incre- able an- actual 
ment jnualdrain) drain 
Softwoods: 
White and red pine______ 897 29.6 22.7 31.2 
Hemilocks-) = =>. ++ =. 6, 362 49.8 168. 3 149.4 
Other softwoods_________ 1, 639 40.4 3751 111.1 
olan es eee Tee 8, 898 119.8 228. 1 291.7 
Hardwoods: 
Maple, birch, basswood, 
ecchieeses4e fe - a. = 11, 873 132. 4 277.8 400.7 
Other hardwoods_____- 2, 513 91.3 83.0 66.0 
Wotals anos oe 5, 14, 386 223.7 360.8 466.7 
| 
All species! 22228 asses 23, 284 343.5 588. 9 758. 4 
TOTAL VOLUME (IN MILLION CUBIC FEET) 
Pulping species: 
Spruces.* 52-29-55 396 7.9 6.7 24.2 
iBalsambiin 2 ae 428 6.5 4.8 13.7 
Hemlocks = sess ee 1, 664 13.1 37.7 39.0 
Jack pine ae 46 1.8 0.3 4.6 
Mamarackeer se eos 2 42 Pat al 2.6 
ASPOll PAs eo ese AS 423 42.9 25. 0 8.5 
to alee tt Fe 2, 999 74.3 75.6 92.6 
All other species__----------- 5, 426 86. 6 105, 2 154.6 
VANS DECIESS seers eee 8, 425 160. 9 180. 8 247.2 
CULL-TREE VOLUME (IN THOUSAND CORDS) 
12, 320 
| 
1 Consists of 5 percent of the accumulated cull-tree volume plus the 
volume currently becoming cull. It has been estimated that roughly 
2 percent of the present merchantable volume will become cull each 
year as a result of accident, decadence, and suppression. 
PAN lisnecies= ea n= * =o 5 >= soe 2, 246 1 2, 862 541 
