shrubs, or herbs; (2) grass, sagebrush, and brush 
areas on which the principal present vegetation is 
either grass, herbs, brush, shrubs, or sagebrush; and 
(3) cities, towns, and unmeandered water surfaces.® 
No. 3. Agricultural land, including (7) areas 
cleared or cultivated for agricultural use, includ- 
ing pasture; and (2) stump pasture, logged-off or 
burned-off land from which stumps or snags have 
not been removed, now part of an operating farm 
unit and devoted chiefly to grazing. Usually, on 
such an area some attempt has been made to prop- 
agate forage plants by seeding or repeated burning. 
Woodland Types 
No. 4. Oak-madrone woodland, consisting of 
approximately 60 percent or more of any species 
of oaks (including tanoak) or madrone or any 
combination of these. 
No. 514. Ponderosa pine woodland, in which 
ponderosa pine predominates and on which the 
trees are scattered, singly or in clumps, and form 
a very thin stand. Individual trees may or may 
not be of merchantable size and form. 
Timberland Types 
Nos. 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Douglas fir: A forest con- 
taining approximately 60 percent or more, by vol- 
ume, of Douglas fir—the characteristic forest west 
of the summit of the Cascade Range. ‘The five 
Douglas-fir types, differentiated by the sizes into 
which most of the volume falls, are (6) large old 
growth, 42 inches d. b. h. and more; (7) small old 
growth, 22 to 40 inches; (8) large second growth, 
22 to 40 inches (coarse-grained timber yielding 
only a small percentage of the upper grades of 
lumber); (9) small second growth, 6 to 20 inches; 
(10) seedlings and saplings, mostly less than 6 inches. 
Nos. 11, 12, and 13. Sitka spruce: A forest con- 
taining 50 percent or more, by volume, of Sitka 
spruce, rarely in pure stands, usually in mixture 
with Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and western 
redcedar. The three Sitka spruce types are (11) 
large, 26 inches d. b. h. and more; (12) small, 6 
to 24 inches; (13) seedlings and saplings, mostly 
less than 6 inches. 
Nos. 14, 15, and 16. Western hemlock: A forest 
containing 50 percent or more, by volume, of 
6 Bodies of water that have not been surveyed by the 
General Land Office and that consequently are included in 
the official totals of land area. 
western hemlock with varying quantities of Douglas- 
fir, western redcedar, Pacific silver fir, and Sitka 
spruce. The three western hemlock types are (14) 
large, 20 inches d. b. h. and more; (15) small, 6 to 
20 inches; (16) seedlings and saplings, mostly less 
than 6 inches. 
No. 17. Western redcedar, large: A forest con- 
taining approximately 40 percent or more, by 
volume, of western redcedar, in which most of 
the volume is in trees more than 24 inches d. b. h. 
No. 18. Port Orford white-cedar, large: A forest 
in which 20 percent or more of the volume is in 
Port Orford white-cedar trees more than 30 inches 
~d. b. h., with varying quantities of Douglas-fir 
white fir, western redcedar, western hemlock, Sitka 
spruce, and hardwoods. 
No. 19. ‘‘Cedar,” small: A forest in which west- 
ern redcedar 24 inches or less in d. b. h. or Port 
Orford white-cedar 30 inches d. b. h. or less, or 
both, compose 40 percent or more, by volume, of 
the dominant stand, with some or considerable 
quantities of western hemlock, Sitka spruce, or 
Douglas-fir, or of two or all three of these species. 
Nos. 20, 20A, 21, and 22. Ponderosa and sugar 
pine. The four types are (20) large ponderosa 
pine, in which the predominating trees are the 
so-called yellow pine, about 22 inches d. b. h. or 
more (about 150 or 200 years old or older), in 
which no material part of the stand has been cut; 
(20A) large sugar pine, containing 20 percent or 
more, by volume of sugar pine, never in pure 
stands, usually in mixture with Douglas-fir, pon- 
derosa pine, or white fir, in which most of the vol- 
ume is in trees 22 inches d. b. h. or more. (This 
type was mapped only outside the boundaries of 
national forests.) (21) Small ponderosa pine in 
which most of the trees are less than about 22 
inches in diameter (less than 150 or 200 years old), 
either on an old burn or on an area that has been 
selectively cut, and in which the volume in trees 
12 inches d. b. h. or more is ordinarily at least 1,000 
board feet per acre; (22) ponderosa pine seedlings, 
saplings, and poles, on an old burn or on heavily 
cut-over land, most of the trees being less than 12 
inches d. b. h. and the stand of larger trees, if any, 
amounting to less than 1,000 board feet of saw 
timber per acre. 
Nos. 23 and 24. Fir-mountain hemlock: The 
two fir-mountain hemlock types are (23) large, in 
which most of the dominant trees are 16 inches 
