cutting railroad ties. Most of the pole and piling 
material produced in the region is derived here. 
The comparative accessibility of a large portion of 
the area accounts for much of the premature logging 
of these young stands. 
MISCELLANEOUS SAWLOG TYPES 
Of the other sawlog types the most important is 
western redcedar (17), occurring almost exclu- 
sively in western Washington, in low, moist situa- 
tions, rarely in pure stands. Much of the early 
logging in the Puget Sound district was in this type, 
and logging in it is still extensive. 
The large Port Orford white-cedar type (18) 
occupies less than 39,000 acres, all in southwestern 
Oregon. The stands are seldom pure, the usual 
associate being Douglas-fir. Because of its high 
stumpage value this type has been actively ex- 
ploited in recent years. Most of the cutting has 
taken only the ‘‘cedar.”’ 
Next in importance to the ‘“‘cedar”’ types are the 
large ponderosa and sugar pine types (20 and 20A). 
These are practically restricted to the Rogue River 
and Umpqua River units, where they have con- 
Their stand 
volume is usually much less than that of the types 
previously discussed, ranging from about 5,000 to 
30,000 board feet per acre and averaging about 
15,000 feet. 
The large white fir-larch-Douglas-fir type (27) is 
unimportant west of the Cascade divide, and the 
redwood type (32) is restricted to a few acres in 
extreme southwestern Oregon. 
siderable commercial importance. 
PULPWOOD TYPES 
The pulpwood types are composed of the large 
spruces, hemlocks, and balsam firs, which at present 
find their chief use for this purpose. 
Of these types, which occupy in all 4.1 million 
acres, large western hemlock (type 14) is the most 
widespread, since it is found at practically all 
elevations within the range of commercial forest 
growth (sea level to about 4,000 to 5,000 feet 
elevation) and almost throughout the length of the 
region (fig. 8). Eighty-five percent of its area, 
however, is in two large belts in western Washing- 
ton extending the length of the State, one a coastal 
belt about 20 miles wide and the other along the 
2 
F 320956 
Ficure 8.—Western hemlock, the Douglas-fir region's chief pulp 
species, extensive stands of which occur along the coast and on the 
upper slopes of the Cascade Range. The region has 105 billion 
board feet of this species 
upper slopes of the Cascade Range between the 
Douglas-fir and balsam fir-mountain hemlock 
zones. The type has been little exploited except 
Some 
stands are as much as 40-percent Douglas-fir and 
at the low elevations accessible to tidewater. 
are logged primarily for that species. 
The next most prevalent pulpwood type is the 
large fir-mountain hemlock (type 23), the principal 
constituents of which are Pacific silver fir, noble 
fir, Shasta red fir, mountain hemlock, western hem- 
