nearby. This encourages geographic diffusion of 
logging operations, instead of the former concen- 
tration near railroads and waterways. It also en- 
courages selectivity in cutting whereby the very 
desirable species or the best logs are hauled even 
from great distances to market, while the less de- 
sirable tracts, trees, or logs are passed up for the 
present. No doubt, trucks will be used more for 
log transport as investment in logging railroads 
and expensive rolling stock is liquidated or present 
equipment is worn out. 
Improvement of existing waterways and develop- 
ment of new routes by the construction of canals 
has been proposed. ‘Two of these proposals, if 
consummated—the canalization of the Willam- 
ette River and the construction of canals connect- 
ing Grays Harbor with Puget Sound and the Co- 
lumbia River—would probably have great influ- 
ence on log movement, the permanence of manu- 
There is, 
however, no definite assurance that these projects 
will be undertaken. 
facturing centers, and logging methods. 
Lumber Manufacture 
The sawmill is the most common type of indus. 
trial plant in western Oregon and western Wash- 
ington, and many of the communities have grown 
up around a sawmill. Longview, Wash., for ex- 
ample, which has grown from nothing in 1920 to a 
population of over 10,000, owes its existence to 
two large sawmills. On the other hand, abandon- 
ment or dismantling of sawmills has resulted in 
the decline of communities dependent on them. 
Temporary shut-downs immediately result in a 
noticeable slackening of trade in surrounding 
communities. 
Lumber production is, generally speaking, a more 
complex manufacturing process than in most other 
parts of the United States. A large variety of 
items, grades, and sizes are produced to satisfy many 
different classes of world-wide trade. The large 
sawmills produce hundreds of different patterns of 
molding and interior finish; flooring of many 
kinds and sizes ranging from 1- by 4-inch boards 
Tasie 31.—Number and installed capacity } of sawmills in forest-survey units of Douglas-fir region, 1934 
Mills Total installed capacity 
Forest-survey unit and capacity group - 
Active Idle Total Active mills} Idle mills | All mills 
Western Washington: Number Number Number |M board feet|M board feet|M board fect 
NorthPuget:Soun ds secs se ee scene en ee ee Ee ee 48 20 68 4,077 1,010 5, 08% 
Central! Puget :S oud se ee aie aN Ee Li ee ees ere a 99 40 139 7, 314 1, 600 8, 914 
South: Puget Sound's 2 <i ee ae ee oe eee 65 25 90 2, 385 504 2, 889 
Gravsiitarbore- = - seen 38 16 54 3, 286 1, 301 4, 587 
66 15 81 3, 722 240 3, 962 
M1 bo) oY (ev nae ae eee dla ARI RO ire Ee NRT ieee eer) ey Se 316 116 432 20, 784 4, 655 25, 439 
Western Oregon: 
ColumbiatRiver-.2e oe ea ee eae oe le Se ee ae 103 26 129 4, 752 1,095 5, 847 
Willamette River 172 56 228 5, 066 1,173 6, 239 
North: Oregon:coast 222 saree aoe ee a I ae i ee ees 14 9 23 314 704 1,018 
Uimpqita Riverso2 i= ee ar Ee ae ee 41 20 61 564 316 880 
South: Oregon: coasts se ee cs ee oe ee 43 24 67 1, 776 556 2, 332 
Rogue/Riveriic: = ssc se2 22k ska ee ae en esses eee ee 38 10 48 666 160 826 
LS BX) 0 ap pe een epee SINE SNA RN eC SN ee rate 411 145 556 13, 1388 4, 004 17, 142 
Daily capacity (M board feet) 
P=D0 is bx SSS es Se ene ee 472 191 663 4, 586 1,719 6, 305 
DImO Os Sees ch SSA Po ites See ss Mac Nie Ne dee eae a mee eee CEE EAR aE 108 32 140 3, 498 1, 067 4, 565 
Gif Ea KO] i ce eee ee EE Se EU ea Ee ee he Ae ae 53 13 66 4, 299 1, 050 5, 349 
101200 2s2 6 2 ara Se ee eee ee 54 18 72 8, 908 2, 625 11, 533 
201-500 S23 SSS a Sen se Ne 2 AE rn ee 36 7 43 9, 331 2, 198 11, 529 
Oweer'500 paws a es a TE eS See TR ee Se oe oe 47 cys eee 4 3,000 | eane= eee 3, 300 
Régional totale oso e se Saas I a LN ses a one re ee ie 727 261 988 33, 922 8, 659 42, 581 
| 
1 Per 8-hour shift. 
88 
