for saw timber. Since 1930 the importations have 
dropped and there has been a very considerable 
increase in the practice of prelogging old-growth 
timber stands for ‘‘cedar’’ poles before cutting 
their saw timber. 
The Puget Sound district holds first place in the 
output of ‘‘cedar”’ poles, which are found mixed with 
other species, usually as an understory in saw 
timber along stream bottoms and in other moist 
sites. Although through Douglas-fir, 
hemlock, or spruce types, they are most often 
found in stands that contain enough “‘cedar’’ to be 
scattered 
classed as a ‘‘cedar”’ type. Large quantities of pole 
timber are contained in the mature “‘cedar’’ stands 
covering 196,000 acres in the Puget Sound district, 
171,000 acres in the Grays Harbor-Willapa Bay 
district, and 21,000 acres elsewhere in the region. 
In the small ‘‘cedar’’ type (trees less than 24 inches 
d. b. h.), which occupies only 26,000 acres in the 
region, only about 7,500 acres support scattered 
stands of the pole age of 40 years, in no single 
instance as large as 100 acres in extent. Therefore, 
‘“‘cedar” poles will unquestionably continue to be 
produced for the most part by prelogging areas on 
which the saw timber is to be cut later, since the 
rate at which commercial logging advances into 
the particular areas where “‘cedar”’ poles are plenti- 
ful is not likely to make poles available rapidly 
enough to meet the marketrequirements. It is more 
than probable that future “‘cedar”’ pole production 
will center chiefly in the Puget Sound and Grays 
Harbor-Willapa Bay districts, where the supply 
is sufficient to supply the demand for many years. 
As for piling, the regional supply of trees of 
suitable size and quality far exceeds the quantity 
of material of this kind that is likely to be required 
for several decades. In contrast with 2.6 million 
acres of second-growth stands in which most of 
volume is in trees from 22 to 40 inches d. b. h. and 
3.7 million acres of second-growth stands in which 
most of the volume is in trees from 6 to 20 inches 
d. b. h., the 1930 regional cut of 135,000 pieces 
totaling between 25 and 30 million board feet is 
relatively insignificant. This annual requirement 
could be supplied by taking on the average one 
tree from every 4 acres of the large second growth 
in the Oregon coast district alone. If integrated 
utilization were effected, no doubt a large part of 
e) 
the annual piling requirements could be obtained 
in the course of ordinary logging. 
Fuel 
In the past forest fuel wood was the chief fuel in 
western Washington and western Oregon. The 
use of this type of fuel has decreased, particularly 
in the large population centers, with increased use 
of oil, coal, gas, and different forms of mill waste— 
slabs, trimmings, hogged fuel, and sawdust. 
In 1930 the waste from sawmills and other wood- 
working plants utilized for fuel amounted to 331 
million cubic feet of solid wood. In that year 
trees of saw-timber size aggregating 353 million 
board feet, log scale, and smaller trees aggregating 
60 million cubic feet were cut into forest fuel wood. 
Portland now uses some 100,000 cords of forest 
fuel wood annually, in addition to large quantities 
of mill waste. In Seattle about 10,000 cords of 
forest fuel wood is burned annually, and consider- 
able quantities of mill waste. 
No general statement can be made as to the prob- 
able adequacy of future supplies of the various kinds 
of wood fuel. The timber supply available to the 
sawmills and other wood-using industries in the 
larger manufacturing centers of the region is an in- 
dication of the quantity of mill waste that may be 
available to the people in these cities in the future 
for fuel. Shut-downs in sawmills and other wood- 
using plants due to cessation of logging in winter, 
strikes, or other reasons have made the supply of 
mill waste, particularly hogged fuel and sawdust, 
somewhat undependable—particularly for resi- 
dences, in which storage space is limited. However, 
many people in the wood-manufacturing centers un- 
doubtedly will continue to depend on this type of 
fuel for a considerable time. 
The supply of forest fuel wood that can econom- 
ically be hauled into Tacoma and Seattle by truck 
is limited, and will probably be inadequate. On 
the other hand, lands tributary to Puget Sound in- 
clude large areas, principally logged areas, support- 
ing trees that are too poor for sawlogs but from which 
cordwood could be cut and cheaply barged to cities 
on the Sound. Comparble areas within a reasonable 
trucking distance of Portland are not extensive 
enough to permit Portland’s present rate of con- 
sumption of forest cordwood to continue. 
