5. Relation of forest-land management to floods, erosion 
and quantity and regularity of stream flow. 
6. Economics of multiple land use, particularly of stock 
grazing, game management, and recreation, in relation to 
~ timber production. 
7. Economics of private sustained-yield managemcnt of 
forest lands, especially in relation to public finance and 
taxation. 
8. Improvement of logging equipment and methods to 
meet requirements of good silviculture and protection. 
9. Search for new uses for forest products, new markets, 
and better methods of conversion, with a view to making 
highest use of each tree. 
10. Principles and plans to meet problems of declining 
communities that result from overcutting of tributary timber. 
The experimental forests, both of the Forest Serv- 
ice and of the forest schools, are serving well as 
proving grounds and demonstration areas, but there 
is need for more large-scale trials of new methods 
and new equipment on representative commercial 
areas. The scope and importance of the forest 
problems in this region are such that a great deal 
more intensive research would well be justified. 
Forestry Extension and Forestry Education 
The pre-eminence of the forest resource in this 
region’s economic life makes forest utilization and 
forest conservation of vital concern to every citizen; 
but the general public has not been sufficiently im- 
pressed with the necessity of keeping forest land 
permanently productive. The following program 
of forestry extension and forestry education is 
recommended: 
Despite many years of effort, forest extension ac- 
tivities among both farm and industrial forest own- 
ers have failed to convert forest owners from a liqui- 
dation philosophy to one of timber growing. Great- 
ly increased activity is needed not only in forest 
growing extension but also in forest utilization ex- 
tension. Legislative authority and administrative 
machinery exists in the Department of Agriculture 
for extension work in both industrial and farm for- 
estry. 
islation supported by adequate appropriations 
should be provided for extension in the fields of 
Increased appropriations are needed. Leg- 
timber utilization and marketing of forest products. 
The entire responsibility does not rest on the Fed- 
eral Government; the States of Oregon and Wash- 
ington, forest owners, and forest industries should 
greatly increase their own activities. 
224146°—40——10 
141 
The Public Responsibility 
Management of Public Forest Land 
All cutting operations on public lands should be 
on a sustained-yield basis. 
All public forest land chiefly valuable for recrea- 
tion should be reserved from cutting except to sal- 
vage timber killed by fire, insects, disease, or wind 
throw. 
All public forest land chiefly valuable for water- 
shed protection should be reserved for that use, 
conflicting uses being prohibited. 
So far as physical conditions permit, strips of tim- 
ber should be left along all public highways and 
stream courses. 
Full use of forest land under the principle of mul- 
tiple use advocated by the Forest Service should be 
the policy wherever practicable. 
The present policy of using sales of national-forest 
timber to encourage the practice of sustained-yield 
management on private land and refusing to make 
sales that might add to the established mill capacity 
or precipitate liquidation of private timber should 
be continued. All public agencies conducting tim- 
ber sales should adopt similar policies. 
Improvements 
HIGHWAYS 
The remarkable expansion of truck logging in the 
past few years has greatly complicated transporta- 
tion planning in this region. The requirements of 
the forest industries should be considered in plan- 
ning the location and construction of new highways. 
Furthermore, future highway development should 
be integrated with sustained-yield plans wherever 
possible. 
WATERWAYS AND HARBORS 
The bulk of the freight traffic on rivers and 
harbors of this region consists of forest products. 
Public development of waterways and harbors is 
based to a great extent on quantity of tributary 
timber. Future work should be integrated with 
sustained-yield plans. 
Future exploitation of timber south of the 
Columbia River district depends chiefly on im- 
provement of shipping facilities. Some projects 
