now under consideration by the United States 
engineers, for example, canalization of the Willam- 
ette River the 
Umpqua River, would stimulate logging in terri- 
and improvements on lower 
tory now undeveloped. In time, improvement of 
certain harbors in southern Oregon will be needed 
to remove some of the geographic disadvantages 
now holding back the timber in that territory. 
Legislation 
To vitalize the forest program recommended in 
this report certain State and Federal legislation 
will be required. Some has recently been enacted, 
several bills are pending, and on the whole progress 
is encouraging. It is not within the scope of this 
report to list specifically the remaining legislation 
needed. 
The Private Owners’ Responsibility 
Control of Overproduction 
It would be very advantageous both to the 
public and to industry if overproduction of forest 
products in this region were controlled by volun- 
tary cooperative action of owners, including 
mergers, support of trade associations, and better 
financing. Failing this it may be necessary, in 
order to protect the public interest, for the Govern- 
ment to step in. The most effective way to control 
overproduction is curtailment of the log supply, 
and this should originate in the woods through 
Pub- 
inefficient, or 
excess sawmill capacity would be unnecessary if 
At best, it is difficult 
to determine with exactness what units are obsolete, 
inefficient, or superfluous. 
prompt adoption of sustained-yield practice. 
lic action to retire obsolescent, 
woods control were effective. 
Installation of additional sawmill capacity in 
western Washington and northwestern Oregon 
should be discouraged by associations of timber 
owners and lumber manufacturers and by banking 
interests, unless it can be shown that a definite 
Any additional plants should be 
located with consideration of available raw mate- 
rial and marketing facilities, and should be so 
need exists. 
constructed that successive physical changes to 
improve operations and meet demands for new 
products could be made with a minimum of 
expense. 
Logging Practice 
{t is the responsibility of the private owner to 
leave his land in good condition after logging and 
to discontinue practices that leave larger areas 
The method 
of cutting may be clear cutting, stage cutting,** or 
selective cutting of some sort, 
without return cuts for long periods. 
depending on 
In all cases an 
adequate seed supply should be provided for re- 
stocking, 
physical and economic conditions. 
and satisfactory fire-control measures 
should be taken during and immediately following 
logging. Detailed recommendations are given in 
the Forest Practice Handbook (77). Technical 
advice is available from associations and public 
agencies. In cases of contract logging the land 
owner should insist that the logger leave the area 
in good condition. 
A change from power logging to trucks and trac- 
tors would permit of flexible cutting methods and 
automatically leave the forest in better condition 
for regrowth. 
If private owners do not voluntarily adopt such 
a program, public regulation is invited. Existing 
laws regulating forest protection should be scrupu- 
lously observed. 
Utilization of Minor Species 
A definite campaign should be initiated, using 
the results of research and trade extension, to 
increase the utilization for lumber and pulp of 
the so-called minor species, particularly hemlock 
and the balsam firs, and low-grade material of the 
major species. 
Manufacturing Practice 
Great improvement in manufacturing practice 
has been made by the lumber industry in the past 
few Further improvement is needed in 
milling, seasoning, grading, and preparation for 
The development of marketable prod- 
ucts from sawmill waste should be given greater 
years. 
shipment. 
24 A form of cutting which has clear cutting as its final 
objective. The stand is cut in two or more steps or stages. 
2 Lena 
