50 MISC. PUB. 882, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
susceptible to gossypol poisoning by cottonseed meal (34). Horses, 
mules, and donkeys should be fed cottonseed meal cautiously, and 
never in large amounts. Mature cattle and sheep that have sufficient 
pasture are seldom affected. Symptoms of cottonseed meal poisoning 
appear only after susceptible animals have consumed the material for 
1 to 2 months. Concentrates fed to calves under 3 to 4 months of age 
should not contain as much as 20 percent of cottonseed meal. Horses 
and mules should not be fed more than 1 to 1.5 pounds per day. Cot- 
tonseed meal or cake alone should never be fed to swine. Gossypol 
causes congestion of the lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen. An out- 
standing symptom is difficult and labored breathing. Hogs show 
progressive weakness and emaciation in spite of good ‘appetites. The 
bark of the cotton root is reported to induce abortion in sows C19 
MANAGEMENT AND Controt.—The scarcity of cotton plants through- 
out the Virgin Islands makes the probability of livestock eating the 
seeds negligible. Control measures are not usually needed or prac- 
tical. However, cotton plants are found in many areas that are ac- 
cessible to liv estock, and denying livestock access to the plants is 
recommended. 
Euphorbiaceae, or Spurge, Family 
Hippomane mancinella L. (fig. 27) 
Manchioneel 
Description.—This tree is 10 to 50 feet high with a trunk 1 to 2 
feet in diameter. Its rather smooth bark is dull gray, but becomes 
FIGURE 27.—Manchioneel (Hippomane mancinella L.) 
