INSECTICIDES AND EQUIPMENT FOR CONTROLLING INSECTS 13 
They are employed as attractants in insect traps. ‘The essential oils 
by themselves are relatively nontoxic. 
Geraniol and eugenol are used in Japanese beetle traps; oil of sas- 
safras (natural), bromostyrol, oil of anise, and geraniol in sugar 
solutions are used to trap codling moths. Terpenyl acetate and ethyl 
cinnamate in sugar solutions have proved very attractive to the oriental 
fruit moth. Amy] salicylate is used as an attractant for hornworm 
moths. Preservatives such as sodium benzoate, and poisons such as 
tartar emetic, sodium arsenite, and nicotine sulfate may be added to 
the sugar-aromatic combinations. 
ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE 
Ethylene dichloride (CH,CI-CH,Cl), which is manufactured in 
this country, is a colorless liquid having a sweetish odor similar to 
that of chloroform. The vapor is heavier than air and penetrates the 
soil readily. The chemical burns with difficulty when ignited. 
It is used in the form of an emulsion for control of the peachtree 
borer, the amount required depending upon the age and size of the 
tree. Prepared emulsions of ethylene dichloride are available on the 
market, or they may be made up as follows: Stir 9 parts by volume 
of ethylene dichloride into 1 part of a potash fish-oil soap containing 
about 30 percent of actual soap. MDijulute and use as recommended 
by the county agricultural agent, State agricultural college, State 
entomologist, or the United States Department of Agriculture. 
A mixture of 3 parts of ethylene dichloride and 1 part of carbon 
tetrachloride is used as a fumigant to control the gladiolus thrips on 
the dormant corms while in storage. 
Caution.—When the vapor of ethylene dichloride is inhaled it 
has an anaesthetic action, although less rapid than that of 
chloroform. Unless it is breathed in high concentrations over a long 
period of time, no harmful results need be feared. 
FISH OIL 
Various domestic fish oils having iodine numbers of 120 to 145 
are sometimes used as adhesives for lead arsenate in the control of 
the codling moth and gypsy moth. 
Usually 1 pint of the oil and 3 pounds of lead arsenate are used 
per 100 gallons. The inclusion of 1 part of oleic acid in 19 parts of 
the fish oil generally improves the type of lead arsenate deposit 
obtained. 
Fruit sprayed with lead arsenate and fish oil can be cleaned more 
easily with alkaline than with acid washes. 
HELLEBORE 
Hellebore, the ground root of the plant false hellebore (Veratrum 
album in Europe or V. viride in the southeastern part of the United 
States), 1s no longer much used, but formerly it was known to 
gardeners as a remedy for the control of sawflies on currant and 
gooseberry. For use as a spray, add 1 or 2 ounces of this material to 
a gallon of water. When used as a dust, 1 ounce of hellebore is 
diluted with 5 or 10 ounces of flour, talc, or lime. It has been used 
also as a larvicide for houseflies in manure. 
