12 



MISC. PUBLICATION 162, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 



The hardwood forest region has a large variety of hardwood species. 

 The northern portion of the region contains white, black, northern red, 

 scarlet, bur, chestnut, and chinquapin oaks ; shagbark, whiteheart, pig- 

 nut, and bitternut hickories ; white, blue, green, and red ashes ; Ameri- 

 can, rock, and slippery elms ; red and silver maples ; beech ; pitch, short- 

 leaf, and Virginia pines; yellow-poplar; sycamore; chestnut; black 

 walnut ; cottonwood ; hackberry ; black cherry ; basswood ; buckeye ; and 

 redcedar. The species of the southern portion include white, post, 

 southern red, blackjack, chestnut, swamp chestnut, and pin oaks; red 

 and black gums ; whiteheart, pignut, and southern shagbark hickories ; 

 shortleaf and Virginia pines ; white, blue, and red ashes ; yellow-poplar ; 

 black locust; elms; sycamore; black walnut; silver and red maples; 

 beech ; buckeye ; dogwood ; persimmon ; cottonwoods and willows ; red- 

 cedar and Osage-orange. The Texas portion includes post, southern 

 red, and blackjack oaks; and mountain and other cedars. 



Figuee 7. — A stand of mixed hardwoods in the central hardwood region (Illinois) 



Southern Forest Region 



South of the hardwood region lies the southern forest, extending 

 through all of the South Atlantic and Gulf States from eastern Texas 

 to the southeast corner of Virginia, and including all of Florida except 

 the southern tip. It takes in the southern and eastern parts of Arkan- 

 sas and the extreme southeastern corner of Missouri. It is composed 

 mostly of pinelands and alluvial bottoms and swamps. 



Most important in the southern forest are its pinelands, where grow 

 the four pines for which the South is famous — longleaf , slash, short- 

 leaf, and loblolly (fig. 8). Lumber from these pines is all marketed 

 as southern yellow pine, which since the decline of the white pine 



