54 MISC. PUBLICATION 336, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
PSOROPHORA CONFINNIS (L.-Arr.) 
(Syn., P. columbiae (D. and K.), Janthinosoma floridense D. and K., and Culex jamaicensis 
yar (not Theob.), in part; the Florida glades mosquito) 
The Florida glades mosquito, long known as Psorophora columbiae, 
breeds in temporary pools of rain water and occurs commonly 
throughout the Southeast. It is most abundant in the Florida Ever- 
glades, where it occasionally appears in enormous swarms and has 
caused large losses of livestock by its attacks (17). During these out- 
breaks it is almost impossible for humans to remain out of doors at 
night or in sheltered places during the day without some protection. 
Workers in sugarcane fields sometimes protect themselves by means of 
smudge pots, and large smudges are employed for the relief of stock. 
The problem in the Florida Everglades has not been thoroughly in- 
vestigated, and the possibilities of control have not been determined, 
although breeding would appear to be too widespread to offer much 
encouragement to any efforts in this direction. The species also de- 
velops abundantly from grassy swales and depressions in other parts 
of Florida. During 1936, when conditions were not generally favor- 
able for the production of Aedes taentorhynchus, Psorophora confinnis 
was the predominant species along both the east and west coasts in the 
southern half of the State. 
The writers have observed the species in fairly large numbers in 
Louisiana, but it was seldom annoying there. Thibault (742) re- 
ported it as being annoying near its breeding place and troublesome 
to livestock in Arkansas. Horsfall (79, SO) found it developing in 
large numbers in rice fields in the same State. 
Psorophora confinnis adults are fairly large and dark, with the 
proboscis and tarsi conspicuously banded. The thorax and legs are 
speckled with white, and the femora have a narrow white ring near 
the apex. The abdomen has diffuse pale scaling, which tends to con- 
centrate on the middle and posterior parts of the segments. 
PSOROPHORA CILIATA (F.) 
(Syn., P. ctites Dyar; the shaggy-legged gallinipper) 
This is a very large, yellowish-black mosquito with heavily scaled 
legs and a median longitudinal stripe of yellow scales on the meso- 
notum (figs. 2,B,and 12, H). It breeds in temporary rain pools, and 
its larvae feed on those of other mosquitoes, especially Psorophora con- 
finnis. It is a severe biter, is widely distributed in the South and 
East, and at times becomes fairly abundant. Notes on the breeding 
habits of this and the following species were published by Morgan 
and Dupree in 1903 (729). 
PSOROPHORA HOWARDII (Coq.) 
(Howard’s gallinipper) 
This large, bluish-black mosquito is commonly associated with 
Psorophora ciliata in the Southeastern States, but is usually less 
abundant. Its habits are similar to those of cz/éata, and the larvae 
feed on those of other species or on each other. They have also been 
