THE MOSQUITOES OF THE SOUTHEASTERN STATES 29 
be used to designate the kind under discussion.* During the early 
years of activity in mosquito studies, following the discovery of their 
disease-carrying habits, considerable confusion was caused by re- 
visions of generic and specific names. Fortunately, these names have 
now become much more stabilized as a result of continued studies in 
various parts of the world. In the following account of the species 
the principal synonyms that have appeared in the United States ht- 
erature are shown in parentheses under the valid name, and in a few 
cases the common name is also given. 
Genus ANOPHELES Meigen 
(Syn., Nyssorhynchus Blanch.) 
The mosquitoes of this genus breed in a wide variety of aquatic 
environments, although their production on a large scale is chiefly 
in permanent bodies of water containing aquatic vegetation or sur- 
face debris. Descriptions of anopheline breeding places of various 
types, while not specifically referred to herein, are numerous in the 
literature cited in this publication. Some of the references dealing 
with the classification and types of breeding places in given localities 
are those of Bradley (27) for northeastern Louisiana, Barber and 
Komp (7) and Perez (132) for Mississippi, Boyd (78, 79) for north- 
eastern North Carolina, Watson and Spain (749) for northern Ala- 
bama, Meleney, Bishop, and Roberts (725) for western Tennessee, and 
Darling (46) for Georgia (Lee County). Boyd (20) has given a 
comprehensive review of the literature on the natural history of ano- 
phelines as well as on their relation to malaria transmission. The bio- 
nomics and ecology of the Nearctic species have recently been re- 
viewed by Bradley and King (35). 
All our native anophelines are fresh-water breeders, with the ex- 
ception of Anopheles atropos and A. bradleyi, which breed in salt or 
brackish water. 
The eggs (fig. 38, () are laid singly—that is, not stuck together in 
rafts—and are provided with floats to keep them at the surface of the 
water. Hatching usually occurs in 2 or 3 days, and breeding is con- 
tinuous during the summer months. Boyd (78) obtained records in- 
dicating that Te quadrimaculatus may have from 8 to 10 generations 
annually in the latitude of southwestern Georgia. In the warmer 
sections of the Gulf States breeding is also more or less continuous 
through the winter (8, 64), although much reduced in volume, and the 
rate of development is slower. The larvae of some species are able to 
withstand freezing temperature (7). The adults are active chiefly 
after dusk and spend the daytime resting in dark, humid situations. 
When alive, most anophelines can be recognized by their typical 
resting position (fig. 9, A, B), the abdomen and proboscis being held 
in nearly a straight line and pointed at an angle toward the resting 
surface. Other kinds of mosquitoes hold the body more or less par: al- 
£In scientific terminology two names, the generic and the specific, are employed for each 
kind of organism. A genus is sometimes divided into subgenera and, when given, the 
Subgeneric name is inserted in parentheses between the generic and specific names. The 
species may also be divided into subspecies or varieties. The name, spelled out or abbrevi- 
ated, of the person who first described the species is often added after the specific name. 
If the species is changed to another genus, the name of the author is enclosed in paren- 
theses. The designation of a species may therefore appear as Aedes aegypti or Aedes 
(Stegomyia) aegypti (L.), ete. 
561723 °—44—_—_3 
