STRUCTURES The Forest Service needs many more 
structures to accommodate the more than 100 million 
Americans who visit National Forests annually. 
The Civil Engineer must plan, design, and produce 
structures which will preserve and enhance the 
natural beauty of their setting and fit into the 
total forest environment, for maximum economy 
and utility. These structures range from lookout towers 
to dams, ski tows, and lifts, from information centers 
to research laboratories, and from administration 
offices to shops and warehouses. 
WATER Protection and wise use of water from 
National Forests is a major concern of the 
Forest Service. Total development of this resource is 
another job for the pioneer team. 
This total development begins with watershed protection 
in the mountainous areas where heavy spring runoff 
can be a serious problem. Control of erosion to 
minimize loss of surface material and provide clean 
water is a duty of the Civil Engineer, working with experts 
in watershed management and other forestry fields. 
As the demand for water by cities, towns, and industries 
continues to increase, the search for water and 
water power leads to the headwaters of our great rivers, 
which often originate on National Forest land. 
To plan new dams and developments, the Forest Service 
Civil Engineer often works with the Corps of Engineers, 
Bureau of Reclamation, and other agencies, to ° 
produce a coordinated environmental program. 
During planning and construction, he must consult 
with them on flood routing, reservoir levels, 
minimum water releases for downstream needs, 
and other matters. 
The more than 100 million Americans who annually 
visit National Forests also need vast quantities of clean, 
safe water for drinking and recreation, and for 
washing, cooking, and sewage disposal. Civil Engineers 
must provide safe and ample water supply and proper 
disposal of sewage and other wastes, often 
in extremely difficult locations and conditions. 
By specializing in sanitary engineering, 
water supply, and hydraulics, the Civil Engineer 
accumulates valuable knowledge and experience to 
become truly a pioneer engineer. 
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