By Mr. and Mrs. B. H. Cunnington. 81 



groups were contemporary with this, they were therefore contem- 

 porary with each other. The fact that a ditch from both groups 

 actually runs under the same outer rampart is certainly in support 

 of this view. 



The Date of the Construction of the Earthworks. 



The fact that fragments of "bead-rim" bowls were found under 

 the great outer rampart shows that at least this rampart must 

 have been made after this type of pottery was introduced to the 

 site. The same kind of pottery found in the deeper strata of all 

 the ditches of the inner works, to the exclusion of later types, shows 

 that these ditches had begun to silt up, before the later Bomano- 

 Kritish wares had become, as they eventually did, common on the 

 site. As already explained, the ramparts of the inner works have 

 entirely disappeared, so that no evidence could be obtained from 

 them, but it seems from the general arrangement of the ditches 

 that the inner and outer works must have been practically con- 

 temporary with one another. The conclusion therefore seems 

 inevitable that the date of the construction of the earthworks at 

 Casterley is identical with that of the " bead-rim " type of pottery. 

 It remains to be seen within what limits this date can be fixed. 



The results obtained from excavations at the Koman camp at 

 Hal tern, in Westphalia, afford valuable evidence as to the date 

 that may be given to this type of pottery in Germany. 1 Bowls or 

 cooking pots with "inbent" or " bead rims " occurred plentifully 

 at Haltern ; the earliest of these were mostly hand-made vessels of 

 native manufacture, while the later ones were wheel-turned and 

 made under Koman influence. 



All the " bead-rim " bowl pottery at Casterley is well made and 

 wheel-turned. 



The finds at Haltern all fall within the few years between about 

 .11 B.C., and 10 A.D. As the evolution of the " bead-rim " howl 

 :an apparently be traced at Haltern from its native hand-made 



1 Mitteilungen der Altertums — Kommissionfur Westfalen, V., 1909. p. 

 !40, type 58, Abb, 32, a— c, PL XXI., 20, and p. 294, type 91, Abb, 48, 1— 

 L PI. XXV., 4-10. 



Vol. xxxviil— no. cxix. g 



