84 . Castcrley Camp Excavations. 



The relationship between the first and second people is not clear, 

 but the evidence favours a decided break between the two occu- 

 pations, either in point of time or of an invasion by a new race, or 

 tribe, of superior culture. 



Be this as it may, the pit people themselves belong to the Early 

 Iron Age, as was shown by the discovery of an iron brooch, and 

 other fragments of iron, at the bottom of the largest pit. 



The pottery from the pits is strikingly different from that found 

 in the ditches, and the fact that not a fragment of the later types 

 of pottery was found in either of the pits, seems to be good evidence 

 that the pits must have been filled up either before, or on, the 

 arrival of the people using " bead-rim " bowls. 



It may be said that perhaps only the poorer people used the pits, 

 and that therefore only the poorer kind of pottery would be found 

 in them. But in every ditch, almost in every cutting, fragments 

 of " bead-rim " bowls were found in the bottoms of the ditches, and 

 it is impossible to believe that, had these pits and ditches been 

 open at the same time, some fragments of the pottery so freely 

 scattered about the ditches would not also have found their way 

 into the pits, separated as they are by only a few feet from sections 

 of ditches that proved to contain many fragments of " bead-rim " 

 bowls and their contemporary types. One would also expect to 

 find a certain proportion of the coarser pottery in the ditches along 

 with the better made wares had the two types been in use at the 

 same time. But with the exception of a few small worn fragments 

 in ditches Nos. 3 and 5, and at the bottom of the sunken way, none 

 were found in the ditches, although fragments occasionally turned 

 up in surface trenches. 



There is, on the other hand, no reason to believe that there 

 was any break between the two latter stages, and it is prob- 

 able that the same people continued in peaceful occupation of 

 the site after, as before, the Roman conquest, only gradually 

 adopting something of the manners and customs of their conquerors 

 as in time they became familiarised with them. That Roman 

 habits were more or less adopted is shown by the discovery of 

 the T-shaped fireplace, of bricks and tiles of Roman pattern, and 



