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EOS GU RC -E S*° A N'D IN DUS TRIES 
HE total volume of wood removed from the 
sawlog-size trees of the growing stock in Georgia 
in 1937 for industrial and domestic use was the 
equivalent of 1% billion board feet (table 26). This 
utilization drain also includes Icgs cut for mills outside 
‘the State as well as the sound, usable material included 
in the volume estimate but wasted in logging. The 
volumes removed from sound trees less than saw log size 
or from dead trees are not included. — 
Almost three-fourths of the utilization drain from the 
saw-timber portion of the stand came from the pines; 
one-fourth, from the hardwoods and cypress. All species 
combined, lumber represented 58 percent of the saw- 
timber drain; fuel wood, 18 percent; cross ties, 9 percent; 
"veneer, 6 percent; and all other products, 9 percent. 
_ Tf, on the other hand, one considers the total growing 
stock (i. e., all trees 5.0 inches d. b. h. and larger, saw 
timber, and other material combined), in 1937 the com- 
Be. 
 Tasre 26.—Utilization drain from the sound-tree growing stock, 1937) 
| 
ial growing-stock 
Saw timber material 
Form of utilization e ) 
/ Hard- Inside | Outside 
| Pines = 2| Total bark | bark 
M hoard |Mboard| M board |Mcuhic 
feet feet feet feet Cords 
777, 300 |188, 500 965, 800 170, 570 |2, 228, 600 
241,400 | 54,900 | 206, 300 |139, 760 |1, 928, 200 
74,000 | 77,400 151,400 | 26,930 | 351,000 
15,400 | 77,400 | 92,800 | 13,950 | 181, 200 
25,200 | 7,600 | 32,800 | 6,290) 81,900 
15,300 | 1,000} 16,300 3,930} 51,300 
_| 41, 200 400 | 41, 600 | 16,030 | 213, 700 
re aa 600 | 2, 300 2,900} 5,810 | 84, 600 
i. 3 ee ee 6, 800 | 11, 000 17,800 | 3, 580 47, 200 
10,900 | 6, 100 17,000 | 7,980 | 112,600 
22,400 | 2, 200 24,600 | 9,150 | 122, 200 
1 Totals for all commodities and survey units for the years 1934-37 given 
n table 52, appendix; detail of drain by commodities, 1987, in table 53, 
~ ? Including 80,300 M board feet of cypress. 
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modity drain for wood used in industry and for domestic 
purposes from this material amounted to 404 million 
cubic feet, inside bark, or more than 5.4 million cords 
of wood, bark included (table 26). These figures include 
the drain from saw-timber material, upper stems of saw- 
log-size pines, and small trees below sawlog size but at 
least 5.0 inches d. b. h.; they do not include, however, 
the drain from dead trees, cull trees, and the upper stems 
and limbs of sawlog-size hardwoods and cypress. 
Mortality . : 
In 1937, the mortality drain from the saw-timber com- 
ponent of the growing stock was 703 million board feet of 
pine and 159 million board feet of hardwood and cypress— 
a total of 862 million board feet, or about one-third of the 
total drain from all causes. The mortality drain from the 
entire growing stock, both sawlog-size and smaller trees, 
was about 4 million cords. More than two-thirds of this 
drain from saw-timber trees and nearly two-thirds of that 
from the whole growing stock occur in south Georgia, 
where the forests have long been subjected to turpentining 
and to widespread and repeated fires. 
A certain amount of mortality from natural crowding, 
insects, disease, strong winds, etc., is inevitable, but a 
strikingly large proportion is avoidable—at least one-half 
of the present mortality. Uncontrolled forest fires either 
directly or indirectly are a leading cause of unnecessary 
destruction and yet could be reduced to a minimum by the 
institution of proper measures. The considerabie losses 
involved in present turpentining methods can be measur- 
ably reduced by the prompt marketing of worked-out tim- 
ber and by improved chipping practices. A large portion 
of the loss due to natural crowding can be avoided b) 
proper thinnings and utilization of the material th 
tained for pulpwood, fuel wood, and other 
Where damaging insects or tree diseases are 
than ordinary destruction, control measures s 
dertaken. Mortality can be reduced ir 
considerable extent, but full attainment 
