growth longleaf pine stumps (table 23), the area in the 
rest of Georgia being negligible. About three-fourths of 
this area had at least 6 stumps per acre. Approximately 
55 percent of the stump tonnage was in the flatwoods; 
practically all of the remainder was in the rolling uplands. 
Stumps are extracted commercially by pulling or blast- 
It is estimated that in 1934 there were, on a blasting 
An _ additional 
potential source of about 8 million tons (not shown in 
ing. 
basis, about 7% million tons of stumps. 
the table) is in unseasoned stumps and in stumps that are 
located in dense stands of young growth and are not now 
considered available. When the present stands of old- 
growth longleaf pine are cut and the resulting stumps are 
seasoned for about 10 years, there will be an appreciable 
additional supply. The survey made no attempt to 
estimate the volume of seasoned top wood, which is also 
used in the production of wood naval stores. 
Tasie 23.—Stand of merchantable stumps (blasting basis), on different 
topographic situations! in south Georgia, 1934 
River 
- wie * Flat- | Rolling bottoms, | ah eo 
Stumps per acre Area woods |uplands) swamps, | All situations 
| | bays. ete. | 
1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | Per- 
Acres tons | tons | tons tons | cent 
Bioriless ene 618, 600 88 | 149 | 10 247 | 3.2 
BrvoyiGnemee wen es | 695,800} 604 | 756 | 32| 1,3924] 18.1 
{ASL Ov20 sea asec ee 583, 500 1,250 | 1,007 78 2, 335 | 30. 4 
26 or more____---__- 494,000 | 2,250 | 1, 369 86 | 3,705 | 48.3 
| | | | 
Mota een Le 2,391,900 | 4,192 | 3,28: | 206 | 7,679 100. 0 
| 
1 Detail for all survey units and distribution by stumps per acre given in 
table 37, appendix. 
Lumber 
Lumber and other wood-products industries have been 
important factors in the development of the “Empire 
State of the South.” In colonial days, squared pine and 
cypress timbers for export, and live oak for ship timbe rs 
At first, these indus- 
tries were confined to the main rivers and along the coast; 
were the principal wood products. 
with centers of activity at Savannah, Brunswick, and 
Darien. Beginning in the longleaf-slash pine forests of 
southern Georgia, the lumber industry gradually spread 
northward to the mountains and grew from a negligible 
production by a few small sawmills in the early 1800's to 
a peak of 1,390 million board feet in 1929. By 1932, how- 
ever, owing mainly to depressed business conditions, lum- 
ber production fell to 260 million board feet. 
In 1937 there were 1,607 sawmills in Georgia, and the 
lumber cut was estimated by the survey to be 941 million 
board feet, of which more than four-fifths was pine. The 
findings of the survey as to number, size, and character 
28 
of the sawmills for that year are shown in table 24 and 
figure 13. y 
Tasie 24.—Number of sawmills, quantity of lumber produced, and man- 
days of employment provided in woods and mills,' 1937 ‘ 
Lumber produced a 
Daily 10-hour capacity | Sawmills Sai mee 
in M board feet Pine Hard- | motel Tae 
wood 2 
M board | M board | M board | Thousand — 
Number feet Jeet feet man-days — 
Under 202. ae 1, 555 631, 600 61, 100 692, 700 | 2, 150 | 
20-39 eae ae eee ee 43 103, 700 63, 500 167, 200 535 ~ 
AQ 792 = ie shaw) eee 9 35, 900 45, 400 81, 300 327 = 
Total _| 1,607 | 771,200} 170,000 | 941, 200 3, O12 
1 Detail for sawmills by survey units given in table 50, appendix. For 
similar detail regarding employment, see table 51, appendix. 
2 Including about 25,500 M board feet of cypress. 
About 97 percent of all the sawmills in Georgia are- 
small, with a daily capacity of less than 20,000 board — 
feet. Only 3 percent of the mills have a daily capacity — 
of 20,000 board feet or more, of which two-thirds are in — 
south Georgia. Most of the small mills, which run only — 
occasionally, are moved about for small, scattered patches - 
of timber. More than half the mills were in central and — 
north-central Georgia, where the main cut is from second- 
growth old-field pine stands. Most of this timber is cut — 
into I-inch boards (commonly called “roofers”) and 
scantlings. In 1937, all the sawmills combined furnished — 
3 million man-days of employment in woods and plants. q 
On the basis of 100 days average per man, this indicates “9 
the full- or part-time employment of 25,000 to 35,000 men. 4 
Approximately half of Georgia’s production of lumber 
is used locally; the other half is shipped out of the State 
much of it in a rough or semifinished form which brings 
small returns to the mills, with resulting low wages to — 
workers. If this could be processed locally into furni- 
ture, sash, doors, moldings, finished lumber, and other 
forms ready for consumption, the people of Georgia 
would ‘receive several times their present returns from — 
wood products. ; | 
Other Wood- Products Industries a 
In 1937 there were 25 veneer milis in Georgia, using 73 7 
million board feet of logs for veneer, providing part or ~ 
full-time employment for 3,500 to 4,500 men, at an 
Most | 
of these plants make veneer for fruit and vegetable boxes, 
estimated average of 100 days a year (table 25). 
crates, hampers, and baskets; a few manufacture ply-_ 
wood veneers. The principal woods used are pines, — 
black gum, tupelo gum, red gum, yellowpopular, mag-_ 
nolia, and bay. As only large, clear, high-quality logs 
