KIND OF TIMBER 
ROUND-TIMBER AREA 
(1,521,300 acres) 
Well-developed 
stands 
Advanced sapling 
stdnds 3 
Young sapling 
Signds = = =e 
Reproduction _ __ 
Clear-cut and 
seed trees ___ 
Intermingled non- 
turpentine types -- 
| | 
ie) 10". *20 "30; -40°. 0 10 20 30 40 O lo 20 30. 40 io 20 
WORKING AREA 
(3,919,800 acres) 
RESTING AND TOTAL TURPENTINE 
WORKED-OUT AREA AREA 
(2, 520,200 acres) (7, 961, 300 ocres) 
PERCENT 
Ficure 12.—Condition of the turpentine area in south Georgia, 1934. 
owner will no doubt determine which course he will take. 
With normal market conditions and stumpage prices, it 
can be expected that the gum naval stores industry will 
continue to have first call on most of the round longleaf 
and slash pine timber. 
In short, the supply of timber in sight is sufficient to 
maintain the gum naval stores industry after 1950, pro- 
vided this industry is able to compete successfully with 
other industries for the available timber. Until that date, 
the scale of working operations may have to be reduced 
somewhat. 
Effect of Turpentining on Forest Increment 
Deep chipping, inserting tins too deeply, cupping small 
trees, and hanging too many cups on the trees, together 
with accompanying “‘protection” fires and the failure to 
protect resting or worked-out trees from fire, not only re- 
tard the diameter growth of the individual trees but also 
increase the losses from wind throw, insects, and disease. 
It is estimated that the loss of volume due directly and 
indirectly to turpentining amounted during 1934 to ap- 
proximately 665 million board feet of saw timber (table 
22), or almost 2 million cords in trees 5.0 inches d. b. h. 
and larger. Improved naval stores practices, better con- 
trol of fire, more intensive forest management, and closer 
wood-products utilization can greatly reduce this loss. 
Wood Naval Stores 
One large wood naval stores plant in Georgia uses the 
steam-solvent process and from the seasoned stumps of 
longleaf pine obtains rosin, wood turpentine, pine oil, and 
many other chemicals. Also, two destructive distillation 
plants, operating largely on lightwood (i. e., the heartwood 
from the stems and limbs of dead longleaf and slash pines) 
produce crude pine oil, its derivatives, and charcoal. 
About 255,000 man-days (10 hours each) of employment 
were provided in 1936 by the entire wood naval stores 
industry of Georgia. 
TABLE 22.—Eff urpentining o7 “ ncremeé , uth Georgia 
we I ne OS eee 
lury 1g 
Item I round As turpentined ne SS 
M M hoar Vv r 
t \Mcords| fe M cords Mu 
Growth 657, 300 1, 367 342, 600 Si 1, 70K =) bs 
Mortality 07, 200 319) 407, 50 1,675 S00, 30% 
Luss in butt volume 49, 900 7 
Total loss 64, GOx 
ee ee ee ee ee ee 
Board-f imes ex 1 
4-inc t 
Suitable supplies of merchantable stumps 
inches h oh are found mainly n ¢t 
the longleaf pine and longleaf-slas 
oak types that often cupy 
leat areas. On lands wh 7 
well established, owners rt yyect 
stumps, since the losses 
may excéed the returns 
In 1934 the Forest S 
million acres in south Ge 
